महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-82, verse-29

संतप्तास्तपसा तस्या देवाः सर्षिमहोरगाः ।
तत्र गत्वा मया सार्धं पर्युपासन्त तां शुभाम् ॥२९॥

29. saṁtaptāstapasā tasyā devāḥ sarṣimahoragāḥ ,
tatra gatvā mayā sārdhaṁ paryupāsanta tāṁ śubhām.

29. saṃtaptāḥ tapasā tasyāḥ devāḥ sarṣimahoragāḥ
tatra gatvā mayā sārdham paryupāsanta tām śubhām

29. tasyāḥ tapasā saṃtaptāḥ devāḥ sarṣimahoragāḥ
mayā sārdham tatra gatvā tām śubhām paryupāsanta

29. The gods, along with the sages and great serpents, were afflicted by her penance (tapas). Having gone there with me, they attended upon that radiant one.

Words meanings summery:

• संतप्ताः (saṁtaptāḥ) - afflicted, distressed, tormented, heated

• तपसा (tapasā) - by austerity, by penance

• तस्याः (tasyāḥ) - of her, her

• देवाः (devāḥ) - gods

• सर्षिमहोरगाः (sarṣimahoragāḥ) - along with sages and great serpents

• तत्र (tatra) - there, thither, in that place

• गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone

• मया (mayā) - by me, with me

• सार्धम् (sārdham) - with, together with, along with

• पर्युपासन्त (paryupāsanta) - they attended, they worshipped, they served

• ताम् (tām) - her, that (feminine)

• शुभाम् (śubhām) - radiant, auspicious, beautiful

Words meanings and morphology

संतप्ताः (saṁtaptāḥ) - afflicted, distressed, tormented, heated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saṃtapta

saṁtapta - heated, distressed, afflicted, tormented, scorched

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root 'tap' (to heat, suffer) with the prefix 'sam-' (together, completely).

Prefix: sam

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'devāḥ' and 'sarṣimahoragāḥ'.

तपसा (tapasā) - by austerity, by penance

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, heat, religious mortification

Derived from the root 'tap' (to heat, suffer).

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Instrumental case indicates the cause or means of affliction.

तस्याः (tasyāḥ) - of her, her

(pronoun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, he, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers to the female ascetic. Modifies 'tapasā'.

देवाः (devāḥ) - gods

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity, divine being

Derived from the root 'div' (to shine).

Root: div (class 4)

Note: Subject of the sentence, along with 'sarṣimahoragāḥ'.

सर्षिमहोरगाः (sarṣimahoragāḥ) - along with sages and great serpents

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarṣimahoraga

sarṣimahoraga - together with sages and great serpents

Bahuvrihi compound meaning 'having rishis and great serpents with them'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+ṛṣi+mahoraga)

• sa – with, together with (prefix)
  indeclinable
• ṛṣi – sage, seer, inspired poet
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛṣ (class 1)
• mahoraga – great serpent, large snake
  noun (masculine)
  Karmadhāraya compound of 'mahā' (great) and 'uraga' (serpent).

Note: Agrees with 'devāḥ' and functions as part of the collective subject.

तत्र (tatra) - there, thither, in that place

(indeclinable)

Locative of 'tad' (that).

Note: Refers to the location of the penance (Kailasa peak).

गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone

(indeclinable)

Absolutive / Gerund

Derived from the root 'gam' (to go) with the suffix -tvā.

Root: gam (class 1)

मया (mayā) - by me, with me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me (first person pronoun)

Note: Used with 'sārdham' to indicate accompaniment.

सार्धम् (sārdham) - with, together with, along with

(indeclinable)

पर्युपासन्त (paryupāsanta) - they attended, they worshipped, they served

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of ās

Imperfect 3rd plural Ātmanepada

Imperfect tense, from root 'ās' (to sit) with prefixes 'pari' (around) and 'upa' (near, towards). The initial 'a' marks the past tense.

Prefixes: pari+upa

Root: ās (class 2)

ताम् (tām) - her, that (feminine)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, he, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Direct object of 'paryupāsanta'.

शुभाम् (śubhām) - radiant, auspicious, beautiful

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śubhā

śubhā - radiant, beautiful, auspicious, charming, splendid

Derived from the root 'śubh' (to shine, be beautiful).

Root: śubh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'tām' in gender, number, and case.