महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-82, verse-25

अदित्यास्तप्यमानायास्तपो घोरं सुदुश्चरम् ।
पुत्रार्थममरश्रेष्ठ पादेनैकेन नित्यदा ॥२५॥

25. adityāstapyamānāyāstapo ghoraṁ suduścaram ,
putrārthamamaraśreṣṭha pādenaikena nityadā.

25. adityāḥ tapyamānāyāḥ tapaḥ ghoram suduścaram
putrārtham amaraśreṣṭha pādena ekena nityadā

25. amaraśreṣṭha putrārtham adityāḥ tapyamānāyāḥ
ghoram suduścaram tapaḥ ekena pādena nityadā

25. O best among immortals, Aditi, while performing a fierce and extremely difficult penance (tapas) for the sake of a son, constantly stood on one foot.

Words meanings summery:

• अदित्याः (adityāḥ) - of Aditi

• तप्यमानायाः (tapyamānāyāḥ) - Refers to Aditi performing penance. (of one performing penance, while being heated)

• तपः (tapaḥ) - penance, austerity

• घोरम् (ghoram) - Describing the intensity of the penance. (fierce, terrible)

• सुदुश्चरम् (suduścaram) - Further emphasizing the arduous nature of Aditi's penance. (very difficult to perform)

• पुत्रार्थम् (putrārtham) - The specific motivation for Aditi's penance. (for the sake of a son)

• अमरश्रेष्ठ (amaraśreṣṭha) - Addressing the interlocutor, likely a divine being. (O best among immortals)

• पादेन (pādena) - Referring to Aditi standing on one foot. (with foot, by foot)

• एकेन (ekena) - with one

• नित्यदा (nityadā) - Emphasizing the continuous nature of Aditi's penance. (constantly, always)

Words meanings and morphology

अदित्याः (adityāḥ) - of Aditi

(proper noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of aditi

aditi - Aditi (mother of the gods), boundless, freedom

Note: Part of a genitive absolute construction.

तप्यमानायाः (tapyamānāyāḥ) - Refers to Aditi performing penance. (of one performing penance, while being heated)

(adjective)

Genitive, feminine, singular of tapyamāna

tapyamāna - performing penance, being heated, suffering

Present Middle Participle

From root tap (to heat, perform penance) in the middle voice

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Agrees with Adityāḥ, forming a genitive absolute.

तपः (tapaḥ) - penance, austerity

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - penance, austerity, heat, spiritual fervor

Note: Object of the implied verb 'performing'.

घोरम् (ghoram) - Describing the intensity of the penance. (fierce, terrible)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ghora

ghora - terrible, dreadful, fierce

Note: Agrees with tapaḥ.

सुदुश्चरम् (suduścaram) - Further emphasizing the arduous nature of Aditi's penance. (very difficult to perform)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of suduścara

suduścara - very difficult to accomplish or perform

Compound of su (intensifier) and duścara (difficult to perform)

Compound type : avyayibhava (su+duścara)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
• duścara – difficult to perform or practice
  adjective (neuter)
  Compound of dus (bad, difficult) and cara (moving, acting)
  Prefix: dus
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Agrees with tapaḥ.

पुत्रार्थम् (putrārtham) - The specific motivation for Aditi's penance. (for the sake of a son)

(indeclinable)

Compound of putra (son) and artha (purpose)

Compound type : tatpurusha (putra+artha)

• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth
  noun (masculine)

अमरश्रेष्ठ (amaraśreṣṭha) - Addressing the interlocutor, likely a divine being. (O best among immortals)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of amaraśreṣṭha

amaraśreṣṭha - best among immortals, chief of gods

Compound of amara (immortal) and śreṣṭha (best)

Compound type : tatpurusha (amara+śreṣṭha)

• amara – immortal, god
  noun (masculine)
• śreṣṭha – best, most excellent
  adjective
  Superlative of praśasya (excellent)

पादेन (pādena) - Referring to Aditi standing on one foot. (with foot, by foot)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pāda

pāda - foot, quarter, ray

एकेन (ekena) - with one

(numeral)

Note: Agrees with pādena.

नित्यदा (nityadā) - Emphasizing the continuous nature of Aditi's penance. (constantly, always)

(indeclinable)

From nitya (constant) + dā (suffix meaning 'at all times')