महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-82, verse-12

देवानां भगवन्कस्माल्लोकेशानां पितामह ।
उपरिष्टाद्गवां लोक एतदिच्छामि वेदितुम् ॥१२॥

12. devānāṁ bhagavankasmāllokeśānāṁ pitāmaha ,
upariṣṭādgavāṁ loka etadicchāmi veditum.

12. devānām bhagavan kasmāt lokeśānām pitāmaha
upariṣṭāt gavām lokaḥ etat icchāmi veditum

12. bhagavan pitāmaha,
devānām lokeśānām upariṣṭāt gavām lokaḥ kasmāt? etat veditum icchāmi

12. O Venerable Grandfather, for what reason is the world of cows situated above that of the gods, the lords of the worlds? I wish to know this.

Words meanings summery:

• देवानाम् (devānām) - of the gods

• भगवन् (bhagavan) - O Venerable One (addressed to Brahma) (O venerable one, O blessed one)

• कस्मात् (kasmāt) - for what reason (from what, why, for what reason)

• लोकेशानाम् (lokeśānām) - of the lords of the worlds

• पितामह (pitāmaha) - O Grandfather (a common address for Brahma) (grandfather, great-grandfather)

• उपरिष्टात् (upariṣṭāt) - above, overhead, furthermore

• गवाम् (gavām) - of cows, of oxen

• लोकः (lokaḥ) - world, realm, people

• एतत् (etat) - this

• इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I wish, I desire

• वेदितुम् (veditum) - to know, to understand

Words meanings and morphology

देवानाम् (devānām) - of the gods

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity

भगवन् (bhagavan) - O Venerable One (addressed to Brahma) (O venerable one, O blessed one)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhagavat

bhagavat - fortunate, prosperous, venerable, divine

Possessive suffix -vat

कस्मात् (kasmāt) - for what reason (from what, why, for what reason)

(pronoun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - what, which, why

Note: Used adverbially to mean 'why'.

लोकेशानाम् (lokeśānām) - of the lords of the worlds

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of lokeśa

lokeśa - lord of the world

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (loka+īśa)

• loka – world, realm
  noun (masculine)
• īśa – lord, master, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  From root √īś 'to rule, be master'.
  Root: īś (class 2)

पितामह (pitāmaha) - O Grandfather (a common address for Brahma) (grandfather, great-grandfather)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - grandfather; Brahma (as the 'great father')

उपरिष्टात् (upariṣṭāt) - above, overhead, furthermore

(indeclinable)

गवाम् (gavām) - of cows, of oxen

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, ox, cattle, ray of light, earth

लोकः (lokaḥ) - world, realm, people

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, realm, space, people

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I wish, I desire

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (lat) of iṣ

Root: iṣ (class 6)

वेदितुम् (veditum) - to know, to understand

(indeclinable)

Root: vid (class 2)