महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-82, verse-17

धारयन्ति प्रजाश्चैव पयसा हविषा तथा ।
एतासां तनयाश्चापि कृषियोगमुपासते ॥१७॥

17. dhārayanti prajāścaiva payasā haviṣā tathā ,
etāsāṁ tanayāścāpi kṛṣiyogamupāsate.

17. dhārayanti prajāḥ ca eva payasā haviṣā tathā
etāsām tanayāḥ ca api kṛṣiyogam upāsate

17. (gāvaḥ) payasā tathā haviṣā ca eva prajāḥ dhārayanti.
etāsām tanayāḥ ca api kṛṣiyogam upāsate.

17. They sustain living beings with their milk and also with ghee. Moreover, their offspring also engage in agriculture.

Words meanings summery:

• धारयन्ति (dhārayanti) - they (cows) sustain (they sustain, they bear, they maintain)

• प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - living beings (offspring, progeny, subjects, people, living beings)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एव (eva) - indeed, also (indeed, certainly, only)

• पयसा (payasā) - with (their) milk (with milk, by water)

• हविषा (haviṣā) - with clarified butter (ghee) (with clarified butter, with oblation)

• तथा (tathā) - and, likewise (thus, so, and, likewise)

• एतासाम् (etāsām) - of these (cows) (of these)

• तनयाः (tanayāḥ) - calves (offspring of cows) (sons, offspring, calves)

• च (ca) - and, moreover (and, also)

• अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

• कृषियोगम् (kṛṣiyogam) - agriculture (practice of agriculture, agricultural work)

• उपासते (upāsate) - they engage in, they practice (they practice, they attend, they worship, they engage in)

Words meanings and morphology

धारयन्ति (dhārayanti) - they (cows) sustain (they sustain, they bear, they maintain)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of dhṛ

Causal stem, present active personal ending

Root 'dhṛ' (1st class, Bhvādi), causal form (णिच्) 'dhāraya', then present tense.

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject is implied (gāvaḥ - cows).

प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - living beings (offspring, progeny, subjects, people, living beings)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of prajā

prajā - progeny, offspring, creature, people, subject

Derived from pra-jan (to be born)

Prefix: pra

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Object of 'dhārayanti'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects clauses.

एव (eva) - indeed, also (indeed, certainly, only)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the preceding word.

पयसा (payasā) - with (their) milk (with milk, by water)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of payas

payas - milk, water, juice, vital sap

Note: Means of sustaining.

हविषा (haviṣā) - with clarified butter (ghee) (with clarified butter, with oblation)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of havis

havis - oblation, clarified butter, offering

Derived from root hu (to offer)

Root: hu (class 3)

Note: Means of sustaining.

तथा (tathā) - and, likewise (thus, so, and, likewise)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'payasā' and 'haviṣā'.

एतासाम् (etāsām) - of these (cows) (of these)

(pronoun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

Note: Possessive for 'tanayāḥ'.

तनयाः (tanayāḥ) - calves (offspring of cows) (sons, offspring, calves)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tanaya

tanaya - son, offspring, child, calf

Derived from root tan (to stretch, to extend)

Root: tan (class 8)

Note: Subject of the second sentence.

च (ca) - and, moreover (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two clauses.

अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes that calves also perform this function.

कृषियोगम् (kṛṣiyogam) - agriculture (practice of agriculture, agricultural work)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṛṣiyoga

kṛṣiyoga - agriculture, practice of husbandry

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (kṛṣi+yoga)

• kṛṣi – agriculture, cultivation, plowing
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from root kṛṣ (to pull, to plough)
  Root: kṛṣ (class 1)
• yoga – union, conjunction, application, practice
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root yuj (to join)
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Object of 'upāsate'.

उपासते (upāsate) - they engage in, they practice (they practice, they attend, they worship, they engage in)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of upās

Present middle personal ending

Root 'ās' (2nd class, Adadi) with upasarga 'upa'.

Prefix: upa

Root: ās (class 2)

Note: Third person plural present middle (ātmanepada) of upa-ās.