महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-82, verse-23

यदर्थं गा गताश्चैव सौरभ्यः सुरसत्तम ।
तच्च मे शृणु कार्त्स्न्येन वदतो बलसूदन ॥२३॥

23. yadarthaṁ gā gatāścaiva saurabhyaḥ surasattama ,
tacca me śṛṇu kārtsnyena vadato balasūdana.

23. yadartham gāḥ gatāḥ ca eva saurabhyaḥ surasattama
tat ca me śṛṇu kārtsnyena vadataḥ balasūdana

23. saurabhyaḥ surasattama balasūdana me vadataḥ
yadartham gāḥ gatāḥ ca eva tat ca kārtsnyena śṛṇu

23. O Saurabhya, O best among gods, O slayer of Bala, hear from me completely, as I speak, the purpose for which the cows went.

Words meanings summery:

• यदर्थम् (yadartham) - for which purpose, on account of which

• गाः (gāḥ) - cows

• गताः (gatāḥ) - went, gone

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly

• सौरभ्यः (saurabhyaḥ) - Addressing Indra, who is sometimes associated with the divine cow Surabhi. (O Saurabhya (Indra), descendant of Surabhi)

• सुरसत्तम (surasattama) - Addressing Indra. (O best among gods)

• तत् (tat) - that

• च (ca) - and

• मे (me) - from me, to me, my

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - hear

• कार्त्स्न्येन (kārtsnyena) - completely, entirely

• वदतः (vadataḥ) - Refers to the speaker of the verse. (of one speaking, while speaking)

• बलसूदन (balasūdana) - Addressing Indra, who defeated the demon Bala. (O slayer of Bala)

Words meanings and morphology

यदर्थम् (yadartham) - for which purpose, on account of which

(indeclinable)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (yad+artha)

• yad – which, what
  pronoun (neuter)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Accusative singular of yadartha used as an adverb.

गाः (gāḥ) - cows

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, earth, ray

गताः (gatāḥ) - went, gone

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of gata

gata - gone, arrived, passed

Past Passive Participle

From root gam (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Often used as a past participle with active sense.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

सौरभ्यः (saurabhyaḥ) - Addressing Indra, who is sometimes associated with the divine cow Surabhi. (O Saurabhya (Indra), descendant of Surabhi)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saurabhya

saurabhya - relating to Surabhi, a name of Indra, fragrance

Derived from Surabhi

सुरसत्तम (surasattama) - Addressing Indra. (O best among gods)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of surasattama

surasattama - best among gods

Superlative of surasat ('excellent among gods')

Compound type : tatpurusha (sura+sat+tama)

• sura – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
• sat – existent, good, virtuous
  adjective
  Present Active Participle
  From root as (to be)
  Root: as (class 2)
• tama – most, best (superlative suffix)
  suffix

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

मे (me) - from me, to me, my

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Can also be dative singular.

शृणु (śṛṇu) - hear

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, Imperative (lot) of śru

Root: śru (class 5)

कार्त्स्न्येन (kārtsnyena) - completely, entirely

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of kārtsnya

kārtsnya - completeness, totality

Derived from kṛtsna (whole, entire)

Note: Used adverbially.

वदतः (vadataḥ) - Refers to the speaker of the verse. (of one speaking, while speaking)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vadat

vadat - speaking, telling

Present Active Participle

From root vad (to speak)

Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Refers to the speaker.

बलसूदन (balasūdana) - Addressing Indra, who defeated the demon Bala. (O slayer of Bala)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of balasūdana

balasūdana - slayer of Bala (an epithet of Indra)

Compound of Bala (a demon) and sūdana (destroyer)

Compound type : tatpurusha (bala+sūdana)

• bala – strength, power, a demon's name
  noun (masculine)
• sūdana – destroyer, killer
  noun (masculine)
  From root sūd (to kill)
  Root: sūd (class 10)

Note: An epithet of Indra.