महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-82, verse-13

किं तपो ब्रह्मचर्यं वा गोभिः कृतमिहेश्वर ।
देवानामुपरिष्टाद्यद्वसन्त्यरजसः सुखम् ॥१३॥

13. kiṁ tapo brahmacaryaṁ vā gobhiḥ kṛtamiheśvara ,
devānāmupariṣṭādyadvasantyarajasaḥ sukham.

13. kim tapaḥ brahmacaryam vā gobhiḥ kṛtam iha īśvara
devānām upariṣṭāt yat vasanti arajasaḥ sukham

13. īśvara,
iha gobhiḥ kim tapaḥ vā brahmacaryam kṛtam,
yat devānām upariṣṭāt arajasaḥ sukham vasanti?

13. O Lord, what kind of austerity (tapas) or celibacy (brahmacarya) was performed by the cows here, by virtue of which they dwell happily, free from impurities, above the gods?

Words meanings summery:

• किम् (kim) - what kind of (what, which)

• तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity (tapas) (austerity, penance, heat)

• ब्रह्मचर्यम् (brahmacaryam) - celibacy (brahmacarya) (celibacy, religious studenthood)

• वा (vā) - or, either

• गोभिः (gobhiḥ) - by cows, by oxen

• कृतम् (kṛtam) - performed, done, made

• इह (iha) - here, in this world

• ईश्वर (īśvara) - O Lord (addressed to Brahma) (lord, master, god)

• देवानाम् (devānām) - of the gods

• उपरिष्टात् (upariṣṭāt) - above, overhead

• यत् (yat) - by virtue of which (explaining the cause/result) (which, that, because of which)

• वसन्ति (vasanti) - they dwell, they reside

• अरजसः (arajasaḥ) - free from impurities, spotless, passionless

• सुखम् (sukham) - happily (as an adverb) (happily, with ease, pleasure)

Words meanings and morphology

किम् (kim) - what kind of (what, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, why

तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity (tapas) (austerity, penance, heat)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, heat, spiritual fervor

Root: tap (class 1)

ब्रह्मचर्यम् (brahmacaryam) - celibacy (brahmacarya) (celibacy, religious studenthood)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of brahmacarya

brahmacarya - celibacy, religious studenthood, practice of spiritual discipline

From brahman + carya (conduct)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (brahman+carya)

• brahman – Brahman (the Absolute), sacred word, holy life
  noun (neuter)
• carya – conduct, practice, course of action
  noun (neuter)
  Gerundive
  Derived from root √car 'to move, practice'.
  Root: car (class 1)

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

गोभिः (gobhiḥ) - by cows, by oxen

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, ox, cattle, ray of light, earth

कृतम् (kṛtam) - performed, done, made

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √kṛ 'to do, make'.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with `tapaḥ` and `brahmacaryam`.

इह (iha) - here, in this world

(indeclinable)

ईश्वर (īśvara) - O Lord (addressed to Brahma) (lord, master, god)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of īśvara

īśvara - lord, master, ruler, god

From root √īś 'to rule, be master'.

Root: īś (class 2)

देवानाम् (devānām) - of the gods

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity

उपरिष्टात् (upariṣṭāt) - above, overhead

(indeclinable)

यत् (yat) - by virtue of which (explaining the cause/result) (which, that, because of which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, that, who

वसन्ति (vasanti) - they dwell, they reside

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of vas

Root: vas (class 1)

अरजसः (arajasaḥ) - free from impurities, spotless, passionless

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of araja

araja - dustless, spotless, pure, passionless

Compound: a- (negation) + rajas (dust, impurity, passion)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+rajas)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• rajas – dust, dirt, impurity, passion, menstrual fluid
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with `gāvaḥ` (implied subject for `vasanti`).

सुखम् (sukham) - happily (as an adverb) (happily, with ease, pleasure)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially here.