महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-92, verse-51

अप्रमत्तो भवेद्राजा छिद्रदर्शी परात्मनोः ।
नास्य छिद्रं परः पश्येच्छिद्रेषु परमन्वियात् ॥५१॥

51. apramatto bhavedrājā chidradarśī parātmanoḥ ,
nāsya chidraṁ paraḥ paśyecchidreṣu paramanviyāt.

51. apramattaḥ bhavet rājā chidradarśī parātmanoḥ na
asya chidram paraḥ paśyet chidreṣu param anviyāt

51. rājā apramattaḥ parātmanoḥ chidradarśī bhavet
paraḥ asya chidram na paśyet chidreṣu param anviyāt

51. A king should be vigilant, discerning the weaknesses of both his enemies and himself. No adversary should perceive his weaknesses, while he should diligently seek out the vulnerabilities of others.

Words meanings summery:

• अप्रमत्तः (apramattaḥ) - vigilant, attentive, not negligent, careful

• भवेत् (bhavet) - should be, would be

• राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

• छिद्रदर्शी (chidradarśī) - fault-finder, one who sees flaws/weaknesses

• परात्मनोः (parātmanoḥ) - of enemies and of one's own (weaknesses) (of the enemy and of oneself, of others and of oneself)

• न (na) - not, no

• अस्य (asya) - his (referring to the king) (his, of this)

• छिद्रम् (chidram) - flaw, weakness, defect

• परः (paraḥ) - an enemy, an adversary (another, enemy, opponent)

• पश्येत् (paśyet) - should see, should perceive

• छिद्रेषु (chidreṣu) - in the flaws, in the weaknesses

• परम् (param) - an enemy, an adversary (another, enemy, opponent)

• अन्वियात् (anviyāt) - should diligently seek out (should follow, should search for, should pursue)

Words meanings and morphology

अप्रमत्तः (apramattaḥ) - vigilant, attentive, not negligent, careful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of apramatta

apramatta - diligent, vigilant, careful, not negligent

Past Passive Participle

From a- (negation) + pra- (intensive prefix) + √mad (to be negligent). matta is PPP of mad.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+pramatta)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative particle
• pramatta – negligent, careless, intoxicated
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  PPP of pra-√mad
  Prefix: pra
  Root: mad (class 4)

Note: Qualifies rājā.

भवेत् (bhavet) - should be, would be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of bhū

Optative mood

Third person singular optative active of √bhū.

Root: bhū (class 1)

राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

Note: Subject of the sentence.

छिद्रदर्शी (chidradarśī) - fault-finder, one who sees flaws/weaknesses

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of chidradarśin

chidradarśin - one who sees flaws, fault-finder, discerning weaknesses

Agent noun

Compound of chidra (flaw) and darśin (seeing). Agent noun from √dṛś.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (chidra+darśin)

• chidra – hole, flaw, weak point, vulnerability
  noun (neuter)
  From √chid + ra
  Root: chid (class 7)
• darśin – seeing, perceiving, showing, a seer
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From √dṛś + ṇini
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Qualifies rājā.

परात्मनोः (parātmanoḥ) - of enemies and of one's own (weaknesses) (of the enemy and of oneself, of others and of oneself)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, dual of parātman

parātman - the self of another, an enemy, another's individual soul

Compound of para (other, enemy) and ātman (self, soul).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (para+ātman)

• para – other, another, enemy, stranger
  pronoun/adjective (masculine)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of darśī (implied dṛś-arthaka verb requiring genitive).

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अस्य (asya) - his (referring to the king) (his, of this)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Refers to rājā.

छिद्रम् (chidram) - flaw, weakness, defect

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of chidra

chidra - hole, flaw, weak point, vulnerability

From √chid + ra

Root: chid (class 7)

Note: Object of paśyet.

परः (paraḥ) - an enemy, an adversary (another, enemy, opponent)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of para

para - other, another, enemy, stranger, supreme

Note: Subject of paśyet.

पश्येत् (paśyet) - should see, should perceive

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of dṛś

Optative mood

Third person singular optative active of √dṛś (class 1, paśya-stem).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

छिद्रेषु (chidreṣu) - in the flaws, in the weaknesses

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of chidra

chidra - hole, flaw, weak point, vulnerability

From √chid + ra

Root: chid (class 7)

परम् (param) - an enemy, an adversary (another, enemy, opponent)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of para

para - other, another, enemy, stranger, supreme

Note: Object of anviyāt.

अन्वियात् (anviyāt) - should diligently seek out (should follow, should search for, should pursue)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of i

Optative mood

Third person singular optative active of √i with prefix anu.

Prefix: anu

Root: i (class 2)