महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-92, verse-26

यदा राष्ट्रे धर्ममग्र्यं चरन्ति संस्कारं वा राजगुणं ब्रुवाणाः ।
तैरेवाधर्मश्चरितो धर्ममोहात्तूर्णं जह्यात्सुकृतं दुष्कृतं च ॥२६॥

26. yadā rāṣṭre dharmamagryaṁ caranti; saṁskāraṁ vā rājaguṇaṁ bruvāṇāḥ ,
tairevādharmaścarito dharmamohā;ttūrṇaṁ jahyātsukṛtaṁ duṣkṛtaṁ ca.

26. yadā rāṣṭre dharmam agryam caranti
saṃskāram vā rājaguṇam bruvāṇāḥ
taiḥ eva adharmaḥ caritaḥ dharmamohāt
tūrṇam jahyāt sukṛtam duṣkṛtam ca

26. yadā bruvāṇāḥ rājaguṇam vā saṃskāram
rāṣṭre agryam dharmam caranti taiḥ
eva dharmamohāt adharmaḥ caritaḥ
tūrṇam sukṛtam ca duṣkṛtam ca jahyāt

26. When people, claiming royal virtues (rāja-guṇa) or social customs (saṃskāra), act contrary to the supreme natural law (dharma) in the state, then, due to delusion regarding natural law (dharma), one should quickly abandon both the good and bad deeds performed by them.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when, at what time

• राष्ट्रे (rāṣṭre) - in the kingdom, in the state, in the country

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness

• अग्र्यम् (agryam) - supreme, chief, excellent, foremost

• चरन्ति (caranti) - they act, they perform, they move, they behave

• संस्कारम् (saṁskāram) - social custom, refinement, impression, sacrament

• वा (vā) - or, either...or

• राजगुणम् (rājaguṇam) - royal virtue, royal quality

• ब्रुवाणाः (bruvāṇāḥ) - claiming, saying, speaking

• तैः (taiḥ) - by them

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, even

• अधर्मः (adharmaḥ) - unrighteousness, non-natural law, injustice

• चरितः (caritaḥ) - acted, performed, practiced

• धर्ममोहात् (dharmamohāt) - from the delusion about natural law, due to error concerning dharma

• तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly, immediately

• जह्यात् (jahyāt) - one should abandon, one should give up, one should renounce

• सुकृतम् (sukṛtam) - good deed, well-done, virtuous act

• दुष्कृतम् (duṣkṛtam) - bad deed, ill-done, sin, evil act

• च (ca) - and, also

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when, at what time

(indeclinable)

From `yad` (relative pronoun), indicating time.

राष्ट्रे (rāṣṭre) - in the kingdom, in the state, in the country

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of rāṣṭra

rāṣṭra - kingdom, realm, state, country, nation

From root `rāj` (to rule) + suffix `-ṣṭra`.

Root: rāj (class 1)

धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, custom, religion, intrinsic nature

From root `dhṛ` (to uphold, support) + suffix `-ma`.

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

अग्र्यम् (agryam) - supreme, chief, excellent, foremost

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of agrya

agrya - foremost, chief, best, excellent, principal

From `agra` (front, tip) + suffix `-ya`.

Note: Agrees with `dharmam`.

चरन्ति (caranti) - they act, they perform, they move, they behave

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of car

Present Active Indicative

Root: car (class 1)

संस्कारम् (saṁskāram) - social custom, refinement, impression, sacrament

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃskāra

saṁskāra - social custom, purification, refinement, impression, innate faculty, sacrament

From root `kṛ` (to make) with prefix `sam` (together, well) + suffix `-a`.

Prefix: sam

Root: kṛ (class 8)

वा (vā) - or, either...or

(indeclinable)

राजगुणम् (rājaguṇam) - royal virtue, royal quality

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājaguṇa

rājaguṇa - royal quality, kingly attribute, virtue of a king

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+guṇa)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)
• guṇa – quality, virtue, attribute, constituent, strand
  noun (masculine)

ब्रुवाणाः (bruvāṇāḥ) - claiming, saying, speaking

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bruvāṇa

bruvāṇa - saying, speaking, telling, expressing

Present Middle Participle

Derived from root `brū` (to speak, say) in the middle voice.

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Refers to the implied agents of `caranti`.

तैः (taiḥ) - by them

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, even

(indeclinable)

अधर्मः (adharmaḥ) - unrighteousness, non-natural law, injustice

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adharma

adharma - unrighteousness, injustice, impiety, sin, non-natural law

Negative compound of `dharma` with prefix `a-`.

चरितः (caritaḥ) - acted, performed, practiced

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of carita

carita - done, performed, acted, practiced, walked, traversed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `car` (to move, act).

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `adharmaḥ`.

धर्ममोहात् (dharmamohāt) - from the delusion about natural law, due to error concerning dharma

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of dharmamoha

dharmamoha - delusion about dharma, error concerning duty/natural law

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+moha)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
  From root `dhṛ` (to uphold, support) + suffix `-ma`.
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• moha – delusion, illusion, confusion, unconsciousness
  noun (masculine)
  From root `muh` (to be bewildered, confused).
  Root: muh (class 4)

तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly, immediately

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form of `tūrṇa` (swift, quick), past passive participle of root `tvar` (to hasten).

Root: tvar (class 1)

जह्यात् (jahyāt) - one should abandon, one should give up, one should renounce

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of hā

Optative Active

Root: hā (class 3)

सुकृतम् (sukṛtam) - good deed, well-done, virtuous act

(participle)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sukṛta

sukṛta - well-done, virtuous, good deed, merit

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `kṛ` (to do) with prefix `su-` (good, well).

Prefix: su

Root: kṛ (class 8)

दुष्कृतम् (duṣkṛtam) - bad deed, ill-done, sin, evil act

(participle)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duṣkṛta

duṣkṛta - ill-done, bad deed, sin, demerit, evil act

Past Passive Particulation

Derived from root `kṛ` (to do) with prefix `dus-` (bad, ill).

Prefix: dus

Root: kṛ (class 8)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)