महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-92, verse-40

यमो यच्छति भूतानि सर्वाण्येवाविशेषतः ।
तस्य राज्ञानुकर्तव्यं यन्तव्या विधिवत्प्रजाः ॥४०॥

40. yamo yacchati bhūtāni sarvāṇyevāviśeṣataḥ ,
tasya rājñānukartavyaṁ yantavyā vidhivatprajāḥ.

40. yamaḥ yacchati bhūtāni sarvāṇi eva aviśeṣataḥ
tasya rājñā anukartavyam yantavyāḥ vidhivat prajāḥ

40. yamaḥ sarvāṇi eva bhūtāni aviśeṣataḥ yacchati.
tasya (karma) rājñā anukartavyam.
prajāḥ vidhivat yantavyāḥ.

40. Yama controls (yacchati) all beings (bhūta) indiscriminately (aviśeṣataḥ). A king (rājñā) should imitate him in this; subjects (prajā) should be governed (yantavyā) according to (natural) law (vidhivat).

Words meanings summery:

• यमः (yamaḥ) - Yama, the divine enforcer of natural law (dharma) (Yama, the god of death and justice; controller)

• यच्छति (yacchati) - controls, governs (controls, restrains, grants)

• भूतानि (bhūtāni) - beings, creatures, elements

• सर्वाणि (sarvāṇi) - all, every, whole

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, even

• अविशेषतः (aviśeṣataḥ) - indiscriminately, without distinction

• तस्य (tasya) - of Yama (his action/nature) (his, of him, of that)

• राज्ञा (rājñā) - by the king

• अनुकर्तव्यम् (anukartavyam) - should be imitated, ought to be followed

• यन्तव्याः (yantavyāḥ) - should be controlled, should be governed

• विधिवत् (vidhivat) - according to natural law (dharma) or established norms (according to rule, lawfully, properly)

• प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - the king's subjects (subjects, progeny, people)

Words meanings and morphology

यमः (yamaḥ) - Yama, the divine enforcer of natural law (dharma) (Yama, the god of death and justice; controller)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yama

yama - controller, restrainer; the god of death and justice

From root 'yam' (to restrain, control)

Root: yam (class 1)

यच्छति (yacchati) - controls, governs (controls, restrains, grants)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of yam

Root: yam (class 1)

भूतानि (bhūtāni) - beings, creatures, elements

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of bhūta

bhūta - being, creature, element; past, become (past passive participle)

Past Passive Participle (when used as adjective/verb)

Derived from root 'bhū' (to be, become)

Root: bhū (class 1)

सर्वाणि (sarvāṇi) - all, every, whole

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, even

(indeclinable)

अविशेषतः (aviśeṣataḥ) - indiscriminately, without distinction

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'aviśeṣa' (no distinction) with suffix '-tas' (from, by means of)

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+viśeṣa)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
• viśeṣa – distinction, difference, peculiarity
  noun (masculine)

तस्य (tasya) - of Yama (his action/nature) (his, of him, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers to Yama.

राज्ञा (rājñā) - by the king

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

अनुकर्तव्यम् (anukartavyam) - should be imitated, ought to be followed

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anukartavya

anukartavya - that which should be imitated, to be followed (gerundive)

Gerundive (Kṛtya)

Formed from root 'kṛ' (to do) with prefix 'anu' (after, following)

Prefix: anu

Root: kṛ (class 8)

यन्तव्याः (yantavyāḥ) - should be controlled, should be governed

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of yantavya

yantavya - that which should be controlled, to be governed (gerundive)

Gerundive (Kṛtya)

Formed from root 'yam' (to restrain, control)

Root: yam (class 1)

विधिवत् (vidhivat) - according to natural law (dharma) or established norms (according to rule, lawfully, properly)

(indeclinable)

Formed from 'vidhi' (rule, precept) with suffix '-vat' (like, according to)

Compound type : tatpurusha (vidhi+vat)

• vidhi – rule, precept, ordinance, method
  noun (masculine)
• vat – like, similar to, according to
  indeclinable
  Suffix indicating similarity or manner

प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - the king's subjects (subjects, progeny, people)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of prajā

prajā - progeny, offspring, subjects, people

Prefix: pra

Root: jan (class 4)

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