महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-92, verse-23

राज्ञो यदा जनपदे बहवो राजपूरुषाः ।
अनयेनोपवर्तन्ते तद्राज्ञः किल्बिषं महत् ॥२३॥

23. rājño yadā janapade bahavo rājapūruṣāḥ ,
anayenopavartante tadrājñaḥ kilbiṣaṁ mahat.

23. rājñaḥ yadā janapade bahavaḥ rājapūruṣāḥ
anayena upavartante tat rājñaḥ kilbiṣam mahat

23. yadā rājñaḥ janapade bahavaḥ rājapūruṣāḥ anayena upavartante,
tat rājñaḥ mahat kilbiṣam.

23. When many royal officials (rājapūruṣāḥ) in the king's (rājñaḥ) territory (janapade) conduct themselves with impropriety (anayena), that is a great fault for the king (rājñaḥ).

Words meanings summery:

• राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king

• यदा (yadā) - when

• जनपदे (janapade) - in the territory/district (in the country, in the district)

• बहवः (bahavaḥ) - many

• राजपूरुषाः (rājapūruṣāḥ) - royal officials (king's men, royal officials)

• अनयेन (anayena) - by impropriety (by impropriety, by injustice, by misconduct)

• उपवर्तन्ते (upavartante) - they conduct themselves, they behave (they approach, they occur, they behave)

• तत् (tat) - that (situation/conduct) (that, therefore)

• राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - for the king (implying a consequence for him) (of the king, for the king)

• किल्बिषम् (kilbiṣam) - fault, offense (sin, fault, offense, evil deed)

• महत् (mahat) - great (great, large, important)

Words meanings and morphology

राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

यदा (yadā) - when

(indeclinable)

जनपदे (janapade) - in the territory/district (in the country, in the district)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of janapada

janapada - country, district, commonwealth, people of a country

jana (people) + pada (place)

Compound type : tatpurusha (jana+pada)

• jana – person, people, man
  noun (masculine)
• pada – foot, step, place, mark, word
  noun (neuter)
  Root: pad (class 4)

बहवः (bahavaḥ) - many

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bahu

bahu - much, many, abundant

राजपूरुषाः (rājapūruṣāḥ) - royal officials (king's men, royal officials)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rājapūruṣa

rājapūruṣa - king's man, royal servant, official

Compound type : tatpurusha (rājan+pūruṣa)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)
• pūruṣa – man, male, person, spirit (puruṣa)
  noun (masculine)

अनयेन (anayena) - by impropriety (by impropriety, by injustice, by misconduct)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of anaya

anaya - impropriety, misconduct, bad policy, injustice, distress

Negative compound (na + naya).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+naya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• naya – conduct, policy, proper course, leading
  noun (masculine)
  From root nī (to lead)
  Root: nī (class 1)

उपवर्तन्ते (upavartante) - they conduct themselves, they behave (they approach, they occur, they behave)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of vart

Present tense

Root vṛt (to turn, to be). Preceded by 'upa'.

Prefix: upa

Root: vṛt (class 1)

तत् (tat) - that (situation/conduct) (that, therefore)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it

Note: Used here to refer to the preceding clause.

राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - for the king (implying a consequence for him) (of the king, for the king)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Genitive indicating possession or relation, here implying the recipient of the negative consequence.

किल्बिषम् (kilbiṣam) - fault, offense (sin, fault, offense, evil deed)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kilbiṣa

kilbiṣa - sin, fault, offense, crime, evil

महत् (mahat) - great (great, large, important)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, extensive, important, powerful

From root mah (to be great)

Root: mah