महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-92, verse-33

यदाप्तदक्षिणैर्यज्ञैर्यजते श्रद्धयान्वितः ।
कामद्वेषावनादृत्य स राज्ञो धर्म उच्यते ॥३३॥

33. yadāptadakṣiṇairyajñairyajate śraddhayānvitaḥ ,
kāmadveṣāvanādṛtya sa rājño dharma ucyate.

33. yadā āptadakṣiṇaiḥ yajñaiḥ yajate śraddhayā anvitaḥ
kāmadveṣau anādṛtya saḥ rājñaḥ dharmaḥ ucyate

33. yadā śraddhayā anvitaḥ āptadakṣiṇaiḥ yajñaiḥ yajate
kāmadveṣau anādṛtya saḥ rājñaḥ dharmaḥ ucyate

33. When, filled with faith (śraddhā), he performs Vedic rituals (yajña) with appropriate fees, disregarding both desire and hatred, that is called the intrinsic nature (dharma) of a king.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when, at which time, whenever

• आप्तदक्षिणैः (āptadakṣiṇaiḥ) - with (sacrifices having) appropriate fees (by those who have obtained fees, with proper fees, having received gifts)

• यज्ञैः (yajñaiḥ) - by performing sacrifices (yajña) (by sacrifices, with rites, through offerings (yajña))

• यजते (yajate) - he performs sacrifices (he sacrifices, he worships, he offers)

• श्रद्धया (śraddhayā) - with faith (śraddhā) (by faith, with confidence, with trust, with devotion (śraddhā))

• अन्वितः (anvitaḥ) - endowed with (faith) (accompanied by, endowed with, possessed of, connected with)

• कामद्वेषौ (kāmadveṣau) - desire and hatred (desire and hatred, lust and aversion)

• अनादृत्य (anādṛtya) - disregarding (desire and hatred) (disregarding, disrespecting, slighting, without respect)

• सः (saḥ) - that (conduct) (that, he, such a one)

• राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of a king (of a king, king's, from a king)

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - the intrinsic nature (dharma) (of a king) (natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, constitution, religious or moral law)

• उच्यते (ucyate) - is called (is said, is called, is declared)

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when, at which time, whenever

(indeclinable)

Temporal adverb.

आप्तदक्षिणैः (āptadakṣiṇaiḥ) - with (sacrifices having) appropriate fees (by those who have obtained fees, with proper fees, having received gifts)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of āptadakṣiṇa

āptadakṣiṇa - one who has received fees, accompanied by appropriate fees/gifts

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'āpta' (obtained/received) + 'dakṣiṇā' (sacrificial fee).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (āpta+dakṣiṇā)

• āpta – obtained, received, reached, trustworthy, complete
  adjective (masculine)
  past passive participle
  Derived from root 'āp' (to obtain, reach).
  Root: āp (class 5)
• dakṣiṇā – sacrificial fee, gift, donation, right (direction)
  noun (feminine)
  Feminine noun, ā-stem declension.

Note: Refers to the sacrifices as being 'with proper fees'.

यज्ञैः (yajñaiḥ) - by performing sacrifices (yajña) (by sacrifices, with rites, through offerings (yajña))

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of yajña

yajña - sacrifice, ritual, offering, worship, devotion

Masculine noun, a-stem declension. Derived from root 'yaj' (to sacrifice, worship).

Root: yaj

यजते (yajate) - he performs sacrifices (he sacrifices, he worships, he offers)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of yaj

present tense, middle voice

Derived from root 'yaj' (यज्).

Root: yaj (class 1)

Note: Often takes an instrumental for the means (yajñaiḥ) and an accusative for the deity.

श्रद्धया (śraddhayā) - with faith (śraddhā) (by faith, with confidence, with trust, with devotion (śraddhā))

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of śraddhā

śraddhā - faith, trust, confidence, belief, devotion, reverence

Feminine noun, ā-stem declension. Compound of 'śrat' (heart, truth) and 'dhā' (to place, hold).

अन्वितः (anvitaḥ) - endowed with (faith) (accompanied by, endowed with, possessed of, connected with)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anvita

anvita - accompanied by, endowed with, possessed of, connected with, joined

past passive participle

Derived from root 'i' (to go) with prefix 'anu' and suffix '-ta'.

Prefix: anu

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Modifies the implicit subject (king).

कामद्वेषौ (kāmadveṣau) - desire and hatred (desire and hatred, lust and aversion)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of kāmadveṣa

kāmadveṣa - desire and hatred, lust and aversion, attachment and aversion

Dvandva compound of 'kāma' (desire) and 'dveṣa' (hatred).

Compound type : dvandva (kāma+dveṣa)

• kāma – desire, wish, lust, love, pleasure, object of desire
  noun (masculine)
  Masculine noun, a-stem declension.
  Root: kam
• dveṣa – hatred, aversion, dislike, enmity
  noun (masculine)
  Masculine noun, a-stem declension. Derived from root 'dviṣ' (to hate).
  Root: dviṣ

Note: Refers to the pair of desire and hatred.

अनादृत्य (anādṛtya) - disregarding (desire and hatred) (disregarding, disrespecting, slighting, without respect)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root 'dṛ' (to regard, respect) with prefixes 'an' (negative) and 'ā'.

Prefixes: an+ā

Root: dṛ (class 1)

Note: Absolutive (gerund) indicating prior or accompanying action.

सः (saḥ) - that (conduct) (that, he, such a one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it, they, such a one

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to the described actions as 'that' dharma.

राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of a king (of a king, king's, from a king)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, monarch, ruler, sovereign

Noun, n-stem declension.

Root: rāj

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - the intrinsic nature (dharma) (of a king) (natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, constitution, religious or moral law)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, constitution, religious or moral law, virtue, justice

Derived from root 'dhṛ' (to uphold, to sustain).

Root: dhṛ

Note: Key concept in Indian philosophy.

उच्यते (ucyate) - is called (is said, is called, is declared)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of vac

present tense, passive voice

Derived from root 'vac' (वच्) (2nd class root, but forms passive in 4th class manner).

Root: vac (class 2)

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