महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-92, verse-32

यदा शारणिकान्राजा पुत्रवत्परिरक्षति ।
भिनत्ति न च मर्यादां स राज्ञो धर्म उच्यते ॥३२॥

32. yadā śāraṇikānrājā putravatparirakṣati ,
bhinatti na ca maryādāṁ sa rājño dharma ucyate.

32. yadā śāraṇikān rājā putravat parirakṣati bhinatti
na ca maryādām saḥ rājñaḥ dharmaḥ ucyate

32. yadā rājā putravat śāraṇikān parirakṣati ca
maryādām na bhinatti saḥ rājñaḥ dharmaḥ ucyate

32. When a king protects those seeking refuge as if they were his own sons, and does not transgress the established boundaries (of justice), that is called the intrinsic nature (dharma) of a king.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when, at which time, whenever

• शारणिकान् (śāraṇikān) - those seeking refuge (refugees, supplicants, those seeking protection)

• राजा (rājā) - the king (king, monarch, ruler)

• पुत्रवत् (putravat) - as if they were his own sons (like a son, as a son, having sons)

• परिरक्षति (parirakṣati) - he protects (completely) (he protects, he guards, he defends completely)

• भिनत्ति (bhinatti) - he transgresses (he breaks, he splits, he pierces, he violates, he transgresses)

• न (na) - not, no, nor

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• मर्यादाम् (maryādām) - the established boundaries (of justice or conduct) (limit, boundary, rule, moral law, proper conduct)

• सः (saḥ) - that (conduct) (that, he, such a one)

• राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of a king (of a king, king's, from a king)

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - the intrinsic nature (dharma) (of a king) (natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, constitution, religious or moral law)

• उच्यते (ucyate) - is called (is said, is called, is declared)

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when, at which time, whenever

(indeclinable)

Temporal adverb.

शारणिकान् (śāraṇikān) - those seeking refuge (refugees, supplicants, those seeking protection)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śāraṇika

śāraṇika - refugee, supplicant, one seeking protection, guardian, protector

Derived from 'śaraṇa' (refuge) + suffix '-ika'. Masculine noun, a-stem declension.

Root: śṛ

राजा (rājā) - the king (king, monarch, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, monarch, ruler, sovereign

Noun, n-stem declension.

Root: rāj

पुत्रवत् (putravat) - as if they were his own sons (like a son, as a son, having sons)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial suffix '-vat' meaning 'like' or 'as'.

परिरक्षति (parirakṣati) - he protects (completely) (he protects, he guards, he defends completely)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of parirakṣ

present tense, active voice

Derived from root 'rakṣ' with prefix 'pari'.

Prefix: pari

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

भिनत्ति (bhinatti) - he transgresses (he breaks, he splits, he pierces, he violates, he transgresses)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhid

present tense, active voice

Derived from root 'bhid' (भिद्).

Root: bhid (class 7)

न (na) - not, no, nor

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

मर्यादाम् (maryādām) - the established boundaries (of justice or conduct) (limit, boundary, rule, moral law, proper conduct)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of maryādā

maryādā - limit, boundary, rule, custom, moral law, proper conduct, embankment

Feminine noun, ā-stem declension.

सः (saḥ) - that (conduct) (that, he, such a one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it, they, such a one

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to the described actions as 'that' dharma.

राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of a king (of a king, king's, from a king)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, monarch, ruler, sovereign

Noun, n-stem declension.

Root: rāj

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - the intrinsic nature (dharma) (of a king) (natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, constitution, religious or moral law)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, constitution, religious or moral law, virtue, justice

Derived from root 'dhṛ' (to uphold, to sustain).

Root: dhṛ

Note: Key concept in Indian philosophy.

उच्यते (ucyate) - is called (is said, is called, is declared)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of vac

present tense, passive voice

Derived from root 'vac' (वच्) (2nd class root, but forms passive in 4th class manner).

Root: vac (class 2)