महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-92, verse-45

तद्दण्डविन्नृपः प्राज्ञः शूरः शक्नोति रक्षितुम् ।
न हि शक्यमदण्डेन क्लीबेनाबुद्धिनापि वा ॥४५॥

45. taddaṇḍavinnṛpaḥ prājñaḥ śūraḥ śaknoti rakṣitum ,
na hi śakyamadaṇḍena klībenābuddhināpi vā.

45. tat daṇḍavit nṛpaḥ prājñaḥ śūraḥ śaknoti rakṣitum
na hi śakyam adaṇḍena klībena abuddhinā api vā

45. tat daṇḍavit prājñaḥ śūraḥ nṛpaḥ rakṣitum śaknoti
hi adaṇḍena klībena vā abuddhinā api na śakyam

45. Therefore, a king who knows about punishment, who is intelligent, and brave, is able to protect. Indeed, it is not possible by one who does not inflict punishment, or by an impotent person, or even by one without intelligence.

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - therefore (therefore, so, that)

• दण्डवित् (daṇḍavit) - one who knows punishment, skilled in justice

• नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - king, ruler

• प्राज्ञः (prājñaḥ) - intelligent, wise, clever

• शूरः (śūraḥ) - brave, valorous, heroic

• शक्नोति (śaknoti) - is able, can

• रक्षितुम् (rakṣitum) - to protect, to guard

• न (na) - not, no

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because)

• शक्यम् (śakyam) - possible (possible, capable, practicable)

• अदण्डेन (adaṇḍena) - by one who does not inflict punishment, without punishment

• क्लीबेन (klībena) - by an impotent person, by a weak person

• अबुद्धिना (abuddhinā) - by one without intelligence, by a foolish person

• अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)

• वा (vā) - or, either

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - therefore (therefore, so, that)

(indeclinable)

दण्डवित् (daṇḍavit) - one who knows punishment, skilled in justice

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daṇḍavid

daṇḍavid - one who knows punishment or justice, expert in governance

Compound of daṇḍa (punishment) and vid (knowing)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (daṇḍa+vid)

• daṇḍa – stick, staff, punishment, chastisement, scepter, justice
  noun (masculine)
• vid – knowing, wise, expert
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/Adjective
  From root √vid (to know)
  Root: vid (class 2)

नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, lord of men, ruler

Compound of nṛ (man) and pa (protector, ruler)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, male
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, ruler, drinking
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From root √pā (to protect)
  Root: pā (class 1)

प्राज्ञः (prājñaḥ) - intelligent, wise, clever

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prājña

prājña - intelligent, wise, clever, discerning

From pra-jñā (to know well)

Prefix: pra

Root: jñā (class 9)

शूरः (śūraḥ) - brave, valorous, heroic

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śūra

śūra - brave, valorous, heroic, powerful

शक्नोति (śaknoti) - is able, can

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of śak

Present Active

Root class 5, Parasmaipada, Present tense, 3rd person singular

Root: śak (class 5)

रक्षितुम् (rakṣitum) - to protect, to guard

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Infinitive formed from root √rakṣ

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because)

(indeclinable)

शक्यम् (śakyam) - possible (possible, capable, practicable)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śakya

śakya - possible, capable, practicable, to be done

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

From root √śak (to be able)

Root: śak (class 5)

अदण्डेन (adaṇḍena) - by one who does not inflict punishment, without punishment

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of adaṇḍa

adaṇḍa - without punishment, blameless, one who does not punish

From a- (privative) + daṇḍa (punishment)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+daṇḍa)

• a – not, un-, non-
  indeclinable
  privative prefix
• daṇḍa – stick, staff, punishment, chastisement, scepter, justice
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used substantively: 'by one who is without punishment' or 'by means of not punishing'.

क्लीबेन (klībena) - by an impotent person, by a weak person

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of klība

klība - impotent, eunuch, timid, effeminate

अबुद्धिना (abuddhinā) - by one without intelligence, by a foolish person

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of abuddhi

abuddhi - lack of intelligence, foolishness, one without intelligence

From a- (privative) + buddhi (intelligence)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+buddhi)

• a – not, un-, non-
  indeclinable
  privative prefix
• buddhi – intellect, understanding, perception, wisdom
  noun (feminine)
  From root √budh
  Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Used substantively: 'by one who is without intelligence'.

अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)

(indeclinable)

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

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