महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-38, verse-5

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
तमुवाच महातेजा व्यासो वेदविदां वरः ।
नारदं समभिप्रेक्ष्य सर्वं जानन्पुरातनम् ॥५॥

5. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tamuvāca mahātejā vyāso vedavidāṁ varaḥ ,
nāradaṁ samabhiprekṣya sarvaṁ jānanpurātanam.

5. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca tam uvāca mahā-tejāḥ vyāsaḥ veda-vidām
varaḥ nāradam samabhiprekṣya sarvam jānan purātanam

5. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca mahā-tejāḥ veda-vidām varaḥ vyāsaḥ
nāradam samabhiprekṣya sarvam purātanam jānan tam uvāca

5. Vaiśampāyana said: Then, the greatly effulgent Vyāsa, the foremost among the knowers of the Vedas, having looked intently at Nārada and knowing all things ancient, spoke to him (Yudhiṣṭhira).

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - The narrator of the Mahābhārata to Janamejaya. (Vaiśampāyana (proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• तम् (tam) - Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira, the recipient of Vyāsa's words. (him)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• महा-तेजाः (mahā-tejāḥ) - Describing Vyāsa. (greatly effulgent, highly glorious)

• व्यासः (vyāsaḥ) - The sage Vyāsa, author of the Mahābhārata. (Vyāsa (proper name))

• वेद-विदाम् (veda-vidām) - of the knowers of the Vedas

• वरः (varaḥ) - Describing Vyāsa as the best among knowers of the Vedas. (best, excellent)

• नारदम् (nāradam) - The divine sage Nārada. (Nārada (proper name))

• समभिप्रेक्ष्य (samabhiprekṣya) - having looked carefully at, having observed

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - All ancient matters. (all, everything)

• जानन् (jānan) - Knowing all ancient matters. (knowing)

• पुरातनम् (purātanam) - Ancient matters/things. (ancient, old)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - The narrator of the Mahābhārata to Janamejaya. (Vaiśampāyana (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - name of a sage, a disciple of Vyāsa

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Perfect tense form of the root 'vac'.

Root: vac (class 2)

तम् (tam) - Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira, the recipient of Vyāsa's words. (him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Perfect tense form of the root 'vac'.

Root: vac (class 2)

महा-तेजाः (mahā-tejāḥ) - Describing Vyāsa. (greatly effulgent, highly glorious)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahā-tejas

mahā-tejas - having great splendor, very glorious

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+tejas)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• tejas – splendor, effulgence, power, energy
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tij (class 4)

व्यासः (vyāsaḥ) - The sage Vyāsa, author of the Mahābhārata. (Vyāsa (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyāsa

vyāsa - name of a celebrated sage, compiler of the Vedas and Mahābhārata; an arrangement, division

Root: as (class 4)

वेद-विदाम् (veda-vidām) - of the knowers of the Vedas

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of veda-vid

veda-vid - knower of the Vedas, learned in sacred texts

Compound type : tatpurusha (veda+vid)

• veda – sacred knowledge, the Vedas
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'vid' (to know)
  Root: vid (class 2)
• vid – knower, wise, learned
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun from root 'vid' (to know)
  Root: vid (class 2)

वरः (varaḥ) - Describing Vyāsa as the best among knowers of the Vedas. (best, excellent)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, choicest, boon, bridegroom

From root 'vṛ' (to choose)

Root: vṛ (class 5)

नारदम् (nāradam) - The divine sage Nārada. (Nārada (proper name))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nārada

nārada - name of a divine sage, a messenger of the gods, a musician

समभिप्रेक्ष्य (samabhiprekṣya) - having looked carefully at, having observed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Absolutive form from root 'īkṣ' with prefixes 'sam', 'abhi', 'pra'.

Prefixes: sam+abhi+pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

सर्वम् (sarvam) - All ancient matters. (all, everything)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

Note: Modifies 'purātanam'.

जानन् (jānan) - Knowing all ancient matters. (knowing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jānat

jānat - knowing, being aware, understanding

Present Active Participle

Present active participle from root 'jñā' (to know).

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Agrees with Vyāsa.

पुरातनम् (purātanam) - Ancient matters/things. (ancient, old)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of purātana

purātana - ancient, old, primordial, past

Note: Modifies an implied 'object' like 'vastu' (thing).