महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-38, verse-19

घातयित्वा तमेवाजौ छलेनाजिह्मयोधिनम् ।
उपसंप्रष्टुमर्हामि तमहं केन हेतुना ॥१९॥

19. ghātayitvā tamevājau chalenājihmayodhinam ,
upasaṁpraṣṭumarhāmi tamahaṁ kena hetunā.

19. ghātayitvā tam eva ājau chalena ajihmayodhinam
upasaṃpraṣṭum arhāmi tam aham kena hetunā

19. aham ājau chalena ajihmayodhinam tam eva
ghātayitvā kena hetunā tam upasaṃpraṣṭum arhāmi

19. Having caused him (Bhishma) alone to be killed in battle through deceit, him who fought straightforwardly—by what reason am I worthy to approach and question him?

Words meanings summery:

• घातयित्वा (ghātayitvā) - having caused Bhishma to be killed (having caused to be killed, having slain)

• तम् (tam) - Bhishma (him)

• एव (eva) - him alone (Bhishma) (only, alone, indeed, exactly)

• आजौ (ājau) - in the Kurukshetra battle (in battle, in conflict)

• छलेन (chalena) - using deceit (the Shikhandi episode) (by trickery, by deceit, by fraud)

• अजिह्मयोधिनम् (ajihmayodhinam) - referring to Bhishma's upright conduct in battle (one who fights straightforwardly, not crookedly)

• उपसंप्रष्टुम् (upasaṁpraṣṭum) - to approach Bhishma to ask questions (to approach and ask, to inquire thoroughly)

• अर्हामि (arhāmi) - Am I worthy? (question implies unworthiness) (I am worthy, I deserve, I am able)

• तम् (tam) - Bhishma (him)

• अहम् (aham) - Yudhishthira (I)

• केन (kena) - by what, by which

• हेतुना (hetunā) - for what reason (by reason, by cause, by means)

Words meanings and morphology

घातयित्वा (ghātayitvā) - having caused Bhishma to be killed (having caused to be killed, having slain)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund) from causal of han

Causal stem of root han (to strike, kill)

Root: han (class 2)

तम् (tam) - Bhishma (him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of 'ghātayitvā'

एव (eva) - him alone (Bhishma) (only, alone, indeed, exactly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes 'tam'

आजौ (ājau) - in the Kurukshetra battle (in battle, in conflict)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of āji

āji - battle, fight, conflict

छलेन (chalena) - using deceit (the Shikhandi episode) (by trickery, by deceit, by fraud)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of chala

chala - trick, deceit, fraud, artifice

अजिह्मयोधिनम् (ajihmayodhinam) - referring to Bhishma's upright conduct in battle (one who fights straightforwardly, not crookedly)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ajihmayodhin

ajihmayodhin - one who fights straightforwardly/honestly

Compound of a (negative prefix), jihma (crooked), and yodhin (fighter)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+jihma+yodhin)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• jihma – crooked, oblique, dishonest
  adjective
• yodhin – fighter, warrior
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun from root yudh (to fight)
  Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'tam' (Bhishma)

उपसंप्रष्टुम् (upasaṁpraṣṭum) - to approach Bhishma to ask questions (to approach and ask, to inquire thoroughly)

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Infinitive of root praś (to ask) with upasargas upa and sam

Prefixes: upa+sam

Root: praś (class 6)

Note: Formed by upa + sam + praś + tumun

अर्हामि (arhāmi) - Am I worthy? (question implies unworthiness) (I am worthy, I deserve, I am able)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Root: arh (class 1)

तम् (tam) - Bhishma (him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of 'upasaṃpraṣṭum'

अहम् (aham) - Yudhishthira (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I

Note: Subject of 'arhāmi'

केन (kena) - by what, by which

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Null gender if pronoun, but here used adjectivally with hetunā. So masculine.

हेतुना (hetunā) - for what reason (by reason, by cause, by means)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of hetu

hetu - cause, reason, motive