महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-38, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
श्रोतुमिच्छामि भगवन्विस्तरेण महामुने ।
राजधर्मान्द्विजश्रेष्ठ चातुर्वर्ण्यस्य चाखिलान् ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
śrotumicchāmi bhagavanvistareṇa mahāmune ,
rājadharmāndvijaśreṣṭha cāturvarṇyasya cākhilān.

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca śrotum icchāmi bhagavan vistareṇa
mahāmune rājadharmān dvijaśreṣṭha cāturvarṇyasya ca akhilān

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca bhagavan mahāmune dvijaśreṣṭha vistareṇa
rājadharmān ca cāturvarṇyasya akhilān śrotum icchāmi

1. Yudhiṣṭhira said: O worshipful one, O great sage, O best of the twice-born, I wish to hear in detail all the royal duties (dharma) and the complete duties (dharma) of the four social classes.

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• श्रोतुम् (śrotum) - to hear (to hear, for hearing)

• इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I wish (I wish, I desire)

• भगवन् (bhagavan) - O worshipful one (O worshipful one, O Lord, O venerable one)

• विस्तरेण (vistareṇa) - in detail (in detail, extensively)

• महामुने (mahāmune) - O great sage

• राजधर्मान् (rājadharmān) - the royal duties (dharma) (the duties of kings (dharma))

• द्विजश्रेष्ठ (dvijaśreṣṭha) - O best of the twice-born

• चातुर्वर्ण्यस्य (cāturvarṇyasya) - of the four social classes

• च (ca) - and also (and, also)

• अखिलान् (akhilān) - all (duties) (all, complete, entire)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira ('firm in battle'), eldest of the Pāṇḍavas

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  noun (feminine)
  Locative singular of yudh (battle).
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady
  adjective
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Subject of the verb 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense

Perfect 3rd person singular active of √vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

श्रोतुम् (śrotum) - to hear (to hear, for hearing)

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Infinitive form of √śru (to hear) with suffix -tum.

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Governs the accusative 'rājadharmān' and 'akhilān'.

इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I wish (I wish, I desire)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of iṣ

Present Tense

Present 1st person singular active of √iṣ (to wish). The root takes a reduplicated form 'icch' in present tense.

Root: iṣ (class 6)

भगवन् (bhagavan) - O worshipful one (O worshipful one, O Lord, O venerable one)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhagavat

bhagavat - fortunate, glorious, divine, worshipful

Note: Addressed to Bhīṣma.

विस्तरेण (vistareṇa) - in detail (in detail, extensively)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vistara

vistara - extension, detail, prolixity

From vi-stṛ (to spread out).

Prefix: vi

Root: stṛ (class 5)

महामुने (mahāmune) - O great sage

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahāmuni

mahāmuni - great sage, great ascetic

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+muni)

• mahat – great, large
  adjective
• muni – sage, ascetic
  noun (masculine)
  Root: man (class 4)

Note: Another epithet for Bhīṣma.

राजधर्मान् (rājadharmān) - the royal duties (dharma) (the duties of kings (dharma))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of rājadharma

rājadharma - duty of kings, royal law, constitutional principles for rulers

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+dharma)

• rājan – king
  noun (masculine)
• dharma – duty, natural law, constitution, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'śrotum'.

द्विजश्रेष्ठ (dvijaśreṣṭha) - O best of the twice-born

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dvijaśreṣṭha

dvijaśreṣṭha - best of the twice-born

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvija+śreṣṭha)

• dvija – twice-born (Brahmin, Kṣatriya, Vaiśya; or bird, tooth)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: jan (class 4)
• śreṣṭha – best, most excellent
  adjective

Note: Another epithet for Bhīṣma.

चातुर्वर्ण्यस्य (cāturvarṇyasya) - of the four social classes

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of cāturvarṇya

cāturvarṇya - system of four social classes/varṇas

Derived from caturvarṇa (four classes).

Note: Qualifies 'akhilān' (all duties).

च (ca) - and also (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'rājadharmān' with 'akhilān'.

अखिलान् (akhilān) - all (duties) (all, complete, entire)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of akhila

akhila - entire, complete, all

Negative compound of 'khila' (gap, deficiency).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+khila)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• khila – gap, deficiency, waste land
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies implied 'dharmān' (duties).