महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-312, verse-4

पितुर्नियोगाज्जग्राह शुको ब्रह्मविदां वरः ।
योगशास्त्रं च निखिलं कापिलं चैव भारत ॥४॥

4. piturniyogājjagrāha śuko brahmavidāṁ varaḥ ,
yogaśāstraṁ ca nikhilaṁ kāpilaṁ caiva bhārata.

4. pituḥ niyogāt jagrāha śukaḥ brahmavidām varaḥ
yogaśāstram ca nikhilam kāpilam ca eva bhārata

4. bhārata pituḥ niyogāt brahmavidām varaḥ śukaḥ
nikhilam yogaśāstram ca kāpilam ca eva jagrāha

4. By his father's command, Shuka, who was the foremost among those who know the absolute reality (brahman), learned the entire treatise on the science of yoga (yogaśāstra) and also the system taught by Kapila (Sāṅkhya), O Bhārata.

Words meanings summery:

• पितुः (pituḥ) - of his father, Vyasa (of the father)

• नियोगात् (niyogāt) - from the command, by the order

• जग्राह (jagrāha) - he learned, he seized, he accepted

• शुकः (śukaḥ) - Shuka, the son of Vyasa (Shuka)

• ब्रह्मविदाम् (brahmavidām) - of those who know the absolute reality (of those who know Brahman)

• वरः (varaḥ) - the best, foremost, excellent

• योगशास्त्रम् (yogaśāstram) - the science of yoga, treatise on yoga

• च (ca) - and

• निखिलम् (nikhilam) - entire, complete, whole

• कापिलम् (kāpilam) - referring to the Sāṅkhya system of philosophy taught by Kapila (of Kapila, related to Kapila)

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

• भारत (bhārata) - An address to Dhritarashtra (O descendant of Bharata)

Words meanings and morphology

पितुः (pituḥ) - of his father, Vyasa (of the father)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor

नियोगात् (niyogāt) - from the command, by the order

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of niyoga

niyoga - command, order, injunction, application

Derived from root yuj- with upasarga ni-

Prefix: ni

Root: yuj (class 7)

जग्राह (jagrāha) - he learned, he seized, he accepted

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of grah

Root: grah (class 9)

शुकः (śukaḥ) - Shuka, the son of Vyasa (Shuka)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śuka

śuka - Shuka (name of Vyasa's son); parrot

ब्रह्मविदाम् (brahmavidām) - of those who know the absolute reality (of those who know Brahman)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of brahmavid

brahmavid - knower of Brahman

Compound type : tatpurusha (brahman+vid)

• brahman – the Absolute, supreme reality, ultimate truth
  noun (neuter)
• vid – knowing, wise, learned
  adjective
  Derived from root vid-
  Root: vid (class 2)

वरः (varaḥ) - the best, foremost, excellent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, choice, boon

योगशास्त्रम् (yogaśāstram) - the science of yoga, treatise on yoga

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yogaśāstra

yogaśāstra - science of yoga, treatise on yoga

Compound type : tatpurusha (yoga+śāstra)

• yoga – union, discipline, spiritual practice
  noun (masculine)
  Root: yuj (class 7)
• śāstra – scripture, treatise, science
  noun (neuter)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

निखिलम् (nikhilam) - entire, complete, whole

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nikhila

nikhila - entire, complete, whole

कापिलम् (kāpilam) - referring to the Sāṅkhya system of philosophy taught by Kapila (of Kapila, related to Kapila)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kāpila

kāpila - related to Kapila, taught by Kapila (Sāṅkhya system)

Derived from Kapila

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

(indeclinable)

भारत (bhārata) - An address to Dhritarashtra (O descendant of Bharata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, related to India