महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-312, verse-21

स्फीतांश्च शालियवसैर्हंससारससेवितान् ।
पद्मिनीभिश्च शतशः श्रीमतीभिरलंकृतान् ॥२१॥

21. sphītāṁśca śāliyavasairhaṁsasārasasevitān ,
padminībhiśca śataśaḥ śrīmatībhiralaṁkṛtān.

21. sphītān ca śāli-yavasaiḥ haṃsa-sārasa-sevitān
| padminībhiḥ ca śataśaḥ śrīmatībhiḥ alaṅkṛtān

21. ca sphītān śāli-yavasaiḥ haṃsa-sārasa-sevitān
ca śataśaḥ śrīmatībhiḥ padminībhiḥ alaṅkṛtān

21. These (villages and settlements) were vast with rice and barley, frequented by swans and cranes, and adorned by hundreds of beautiful, prosperous lotus ponds.

Words meanings summery:

• स्फीतान् (sphītān) - describing the villages and settlements as vast and flourishing (vast, flourishing, abundant (masculine, accusative, plural))

• च (ca) - and, also

• शालि-यवसैः (śāli-yavasaiḥ) - describing what the vast areas were full of (with rice and barley)

• हंस-सारस-सेवितान् (haṁsa-sārasa-sevitān) - describing the areas as being visited by these birds (frequented by swans and cranes)

• पद्मिनीभिः (padminībhiḥ) - by lotus ponds, by groups of lotus plants

• च (ca) - and, also

• शतशः (śataśaḥ) - indicating numerous lotus ponds (by hundreds, in hundreds)

• श्रीमतीभिः (śrīmatībhiḥ) - describing the lotus ponds as beautiful and prosperous (by beautiful, glorious, prosperous (feminine, instrumental, plural))

• अलङ्कृतान् (alaṅkṛtān) - describing the villages and settlements as adorned (adorned, decorated (masculine, accusative, plural))

Words meanings and morphology

स्फीतान् (sphītān) - describing the villages and settlements as vast and flourishing (vast, flourishing, abundant (masculine, accusative, plural))

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sphīta

sphīta - swollen, vast, flourishing, prosperous

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root √sphāy 'to swell, grow'.

Root: sphāy (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'grāmān' and 'pallīghoṣān' from the previous verse.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

शालि-यवसैः (śāli-yavasaiḥ) - describing what the vast areas were full of (with rice and barley)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śāli-yavasa

śāli-yavasa - rice and barley; grain and fodder

A Dvandva compound of śāli (rice) and yavasa (barley/grass).

Compound type : dvandva (śāli+yavasa)

• śāli – rice (especially growing in water)
  noun (masculine)
• yavasa – grass, fodder, barley
  noun (neuter)

हंस-सारस-सेवितान् (haṁsa-sārasa-sevitān) - describing the areas as being visited by these birds (frequented by swans and cranes)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of haṃsa-sārasa-sevita

haṁsa-sārasa-sevita - frequented, served or visited by swans and cranes

Compound of haṃsa (swan), sārasa (crane), and sevita (frequented/served).

Compound type : tatpurusha (haṃsa+sārasa+sevita)

• haṃsa – swan, goose
  noun (masculine)
• sārasa – crane (a bird)
  noun (masculine)
• sevita – frequented, served, inhabited
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root √sev 'to serve, frequent'.
  Root: sev (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'sphītān' and the implied 'grāmān' and 'pallīghoṣān'.

पद्मिनीभिः (padminībhiḥ) - by lotus ponds, by groups of lotus plants

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of padminī

padminī - lotus pond, collection of lotus flowers, lotus plant

From padma (lotus) + -inī suffix.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

शतशः (śataśaḥ) - indicating numerous lotus ponds (by hundreds, in hundreds)

(indeclinable)

Derived from śata (hundred) with the suffix -śaḥ (denoting distribution or measure).

श्रीमतीभिः (śrīmatībhiḥ) - describing the lotus ponds as beautiful and prosperous (by beautiful, glorious, prosperous (feminine, instrumental, plural))

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of śrīmat

śrīmat - prosperous, glorious, beautiful, fortunate, radiant

From śrī (wealth, beauty, glory) + -mat (possessive suffix).

Note: Agrees with 'padminībhiḥ'.

अलङ्कृतान् (alaṅkṛtān) - describing the villages and settlements as adorned (adorned, decorated (masculine, accusative, plural))

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of alaṅkṛta

alaṅkṛta - adorned, decorated, ornamented

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root √kṛ 'to do' with the prefix 'alam' (enough, suitable, also used to form verbs of adorning).

Prefix: alam

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with 'sphītān' and the implied 'grāmān' and 'pallīghoṣān'.