महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-312, verse-17

पत्तनानि च रम्याणि स्फीतानि नगराणि च ।
रत्नानि च विचित्राणि शुकः पश्यन्न पश्यति ॥१७॥

17. pattanāni ca ramyāṇi sphītāni nagarāṇi ca ,
ratnāni ca vicitrāṇi śukaḥ paśyanna paśyati.

17. pattanāni ca ramyāṇi sphītāni nagarāṇi ca
ratnāni ca vicitrāṇi śukaḥ paśyan na paśyati

17. śukaḥ ramyāṇi ca sphītāni nagarāṇi ca pattanāni
ca vicitrāṇi ratnāni ca paśyan na paśyati

17. Śuka, though seeing beautiful and prosperous cities, and various wonderful jewels, did not truly perceive them.

Words meanings summery:

• पत्तनानि (pattanāni) - towns, cities

• च (ca) - and

• रम्याणि (ramyāṇi) - beautiful, delightful, charming

• स्फीतानि (sphītāni) - prosperous, flourishing, swollen

• नगराणि (nagarāṇi) - cities, towns

• च (ca) - and

• रत्नानि (ratnāni) - jewels, gems, treasures

• च (ca) - and

• विचित्राणि (vicitrāṇi) - variegated, wonderful, diverse

• शुकः (śukaḥ) - the sage Śuka (parrot, Śuka (name of a sage))

• पश्यन् (paśyan) - seeing, looking

• न (na) - not

• पश्यति (paśyati) - does not truly perceive (despite physically seeing) (sees, looks)

Words meanings and morphology

पत्तनानि (pattanāni) - towns, cities

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of pattana

pattana - city, town, port

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Used to connect elements in a list.

रम्याणि (ramyāṇi) - beautiful, delightful, charming

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of ramya

ramya - beautiful, delightful, charming

Gerundive (future passive participle)

From root 'ram' (to delight in).

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'pattanāni'.

स्फीतानि (sphītāni) - prosperous, flourishing, swollen

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of sphīta

sphīta - prosperous, flourishing, swollen, large

Past Passive Participle

From root 'sphāy' (to grow, swell).

Root: sphāy (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'nagarāṇi'.

नगराणि (nagarāṇi) - cities, towns

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of nagara

nagara - city, town

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Used to connect elements in a list.

रत्नानि (ratnāni) - jewels, gems, treasures

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of ratna

ratna - jewel, gem, treasure

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Used to connect elements in a list.

विचित्राणि (vicitrāṇi) - variegated, wonderful, diverse

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of vicitra

vicitra - variegated, diverse, wonderful, curious

Compound of 'vi' (diverse) and 'citra' (picture, wonderful).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+citra)

• vi – asunder, apart, diverse
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating separation or diversity.
• citra – picture, design, wonderful, clear
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'ratnāni'.

शुकः (śukaḥ) - the sage Śuka (parrot, Śuka (name of a sage))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śuka

śuka - parrot; name of a famous sage, son of Vyāsa

Note: Subject of the sentence.

पश्यन् (paśyan) - seeing, looking

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paśyat

paśyat - seeing

Present Active Participle

From root 'dṛś' (to see), with stem 'paśya'.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Functions as an adjective modifying 'śukaḥ', indicating a concurrent action.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the verb 'paśyati'.

पश्यति (paśyati) - does not truly perceive (despite physically seeing) (sees, looks)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of dṛś

Present tense, active voice

3rd person singular, present indicative.

Root: dṛś (class 1)