महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-312, verse-7

पितुर्नियोगादगमन्मैथिलं जनकं नृपम् ।
प्रष्टुं धर्मस्य निष्ठां वै मोक्षस्य च परायणम् ॥७॥

7. piturniyogādagamanmaithilaṁ janakaṁ nṛpam ,
praṣṭuṁ dharmasya niṣṭhāṁ vai mokṣasya ca parāyaṇam.

7. pituḥ niyogāt agamat maithilam janakam nṛpam
praṣṭum dharmasya niṣṭhām vai mokṣasya ca parāyaṇam

7. pituḥ niyogāt janakam maithilam nṛpam dharmasya
niṣṭhām mokṣasya ca parāyaṇam praṣṭum vai agamat

7. Following his father's command, he went to King Janaka of Mithila to inquire about the ultimate truth of natural law (dharma) and the supreme path to liberation (mokṣa).

Words meanings summery:

• पितुः (pituḥ) - of the father, from the father

• नियोगात् (niyogāt) - by the command, from the instruction, due to the order

• अगमत् (agamat) - went

• मैथिलम् (maithilam) - to King Janaka, who is from Mithila (to the King of Mithila, to the resident of Mithila)

• जनकम् (janakam) - Janaka (proper noun, accusative)

• नृपम् (nṛpam) - to the king

• प्रष्टुम् (praṣṭum) - to ask, in order to ask

• धर्मस्य (dharmasya) - of natural law, of righteousness, of constitution

• निष्ठाम् (niṣṭhām) - the ultimate essence or truth regarding natural law (the essence, the ultimate truth, steadfastness, devotion)

• वै (vai) - Emphasizes the importance of the inquiry. (indeed, certainly, surely)

• मोक्षस्य (mokṣasya) - of liberation

• च (ca) - and

• परायणम् (parāyaṇam) - the supreme goal related to liberation (the ultimate goal, the supreme path, the highest refuge)

Words meanings and morphology

पितुः (pituḥ) - of the father, from the father

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

नियोगात् (niyogāt) - by the command, from the instruction, due to the order

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of niyoga

niyoga - command, instruction, order, injunction

Prefix: ni

Root: yuj (class 7)

अगमत् (agamat) - went

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of gam

Imperfect (Laṅ), 3rd person singular, active voice (or aorist in some contexts)

Root: gam (class 1)

मैथिलम् (maithilam) - to King Janaka, who is from Mithila (to the King of Mithila, to the resident of Mithila)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of maithila

maithila - of or belonging to Mithila, a king of Mithila, a resident of Mithila

Derived from Mithilā (the capital of Videha kingdom) + aṇ pratyaya

जनकम् (janakam) - Janaka (proper noun, accusative)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of janaka

janaka - Janaka (a specific king, father of Sita), father, progenitor

नृपम् (nṛpam) - to the king

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler

Compound: nṛ (man) + pa (protector)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, guardian
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root pā 'to protect'
  Root: pā (class 2)

प्रष्टुम् (praṣṭum) - to ask, in order to ask

(indeclinable)

infinitive

Infinitive form of root praś (pra-√prach)

Prefix: pra

Root: prach (class 6)

धर्मस्य (dharmasya) - of natural law, of righteousness, of constitution

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, righteousness, duty, constitution, intrinsic nature

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

निष्ठाम् (niṣṭhām) - the ultimate essence or truth regarding natural law (the essence, the ultimate truth, steadfastness, devotion)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of niṣṭhā

niṣṭhā - steadfastness, devotion, firm adherence, essence, ultimate truth, conclusion

Derived from ni-√sthā 'to stand firmly'

Prefix: ni

Root: sthā (class 1)

वै (vai) - Emphasizes the importance of the inquiry. (indeed, certainly, surely)

(indeclinable)

मोक्षस्य (mokṣasya) - of liberation

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mokṣa

mokṣa - liberation, release, freedom, salvation, emancipation

Derived from root muc 'to release'

Root: muc (class 6)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects mokṣasya with dharmasya.

परायणम् (parāyaṇam) - the supreme goal related to liberation (the ultimate goal, the supreme path, the highest refuge)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of parāyaṇa

parāyaṇa - chief or main object, ultimate aim, supreme refuge, highest course, final goal

Compound: para (supreme) + ayaṇa (going, path)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (para+ayaṇa)

• para – supreme, highest, ultimate, other
  adjective (neuter)
• ayaṇa – going, motion, path, course
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root i 'to go'
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Qualifies the objective of the asking.