महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-261, verse-9

यास्ताः स्युर्बहिरोषध्यो बह्वरण्यास्तथा द्विज ।
ओषधिभ्यो बहिर्यस्मात्प्राणी कश्चिन्न विद्यते ।
कस्यैषा वाग्भवेत्सत्या मोक्षो नास्ति गृहादिति ॥९॥

9. yāstāḥ syurbahiroṣadhyo bahvaraṇyāstathā dvija ,
oṣadhibhyo bahiryasmātprāṇī kaścinna vidyate ,
kasyaiṣā vāgbhavetsatyā mokṣo nāsti gṛhāditi.

9. yāḥ tāḥ syuḥ bahiḥ oṣadhyaḥ bahu araṇyāḥ
tathā dvija oṣadhibhyaḥ bahiḥ yasmāt
prāṇī kaścit na vidyate kasya eṣā vāk
bhavet satyā mokṣaḥ na asti gṛhāt iti

9. dvija,
yāḥ tāḥ bahu araṇyāḥ oṣadhyaḥ bahiḥ syuḥ.
yasmāt oṣadhibhyaḥ bahiḥ kaścit prāṇī na vidyate.
kasya eṣā vāk satyā bhavet 'gṛhāt mokṣaḥ na asti' iti.

9. O twice-born (dvija), just as there are many herbs in the forests outside, and since no living being can exist without these herbs, whose word could be true that there is no liberation (mokṣa) from the householder's life?

Words meanings summery:

• याः (yāḥ) - 'just as those' (referring to 'oṣadhyaḥ'). (which, who, those (feminine plural))

• ताः (tāḥ) - 'those' (referring to 'oṣadhyaḥ'). (those, they (feminine plural))

• स्युः (syuḥ) - 'may be found' or 'are found' (optative used in a general sense). (they may be, let them be, they would be)

• बहिः (bahiḥ) - 'outside'. (outside, outwardly)

• ओषध्यः (oṣadhyaḥ) - 'herbs' or 'plants'. (herbs, plants, medicinal plants)

• बहु (bahu) - 'many'. (many, much, numerous)

• अरण्याः (araṇyāḥ) - 'in the forests' (implies locative). (of the forest, forests)

• तथा (tathā) - 'just as' (introduces a comparison, following 'yāḥ'). (thus, so, in that manner, just as)

• द्विज (dvija) - Vocative, addressing a Brahmin or any twice-born. (O twice-born, O Brahmin (dvija))

• ओषधिभ्यः (oṣadhibhyaḥ) - 'from herbs'. (from herbs, than herbs (plural))

• बहिः (bahiḥ) - 'outside'. (outside, outwardly)

• यस्मात् (yasmāt) - 'since' or 'because'. (from which, because, since, whereby)

• प्राणी (prāṇī) - 'living being'. (living being, animate creature)

• कश्चित् (kaścit) - 'any' or 'a certain'. With 'na', it means 'no one' or 'no'. (anyone, someone, any)

• न (na) - 'not'. (not, no)

• विद्यते (vidyate) - 'it exists' or 'is found'. (it exists, is found, is known)

• कस्य (kasya) - 'whose'. (whose, of whom)

• एषा (eṣā) - 'this' (referring to 'vāk'). (this, this one (feminine singular))

• वाक् (vāk) - 'word'. (word, speech, voice)

• भवेत् (bhavet) - 'could be' or 'would be'. (it may be, it should be, it would be)

• सत्या (satyā) - 'true'. (true, real, truthful (feminine singular))

• मोक्षः (mokṣaḥ) - 'liberation'. (liberation, release, freedom (mokṣa))

• न (na) - 'not'. (not, no)

• अस्ति (asti) - 'exists'. (is, exists)

• गृहात् (gṛhāt) - 'from the householder's life'. (from the house, from the householder's life)

• इति (iti) - Marks the end of a quoted statement. (thus, so, (quotes speech or thought))

Words meanings and morphology

याः (yāḥ) - 'just as those' (referring to 'oṣadhyaḥ'). (which, who, those (feminine plural))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of yad

yad - which, what, that

Relative pronoun.

Note: Agrees with 'oṣadhyaḥ'.

ताः (tāḥ) - 'those' (referring to 'oṣadhyaḥ'). (those, they (feminine plural))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Agrees with 'oṣadhyaḥ'.

स्युः (syuḥ) - 'may be found' or 'are found' (optative used in a general sense). (they may be, let them be, they would be)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, optative (liṅ) of as

Optative Active, 3rd person plural

Root 'as' (2nd class).

Root: as (class 2)

बहिः (bahiḥ) - 'outside'. (outside, outwardly)

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

ओषध्यः (oṣadhyaḥ) - 'herbs' or 'plants'. (herbs, plants, medicinal plants)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of oṣadhi

oṣadhi - herb, plant, medicinal plant

i-stem noun.

Note: Subject of 'syuḥ'.

बहु (bahu) - 'many'. (many, much, numerous)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of bahu

bahu - many, much, numerous, abundant

u-stem adjective.

Note: Agrees with 'araṇyāḥ' and 'oṣadhyaḥ'.

अरण्याः (araṇyāḥ) - 'in the forests' (implies locative). (of the forest, forests)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of araṇya

araṇya - forest, wilderness

a-stem noun.

Note: Agrees with 'oṣadhyaḥ'.

तथा (tathā) - 'just as' (introduces a comparison, following 'yāḥ'). (thus, so, in that manner, just as)

(indeclinable)

Correlative adverb to 'yathā' (implied by 'yāḥ').

द्विज (dvija) - Vocative, addressing a Brahmin or any twice-born. (O twice-born, O Brahmin (dvija))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dvija

dvija - twice-born (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, bird, tooth)

Compound of dvi (two) + ja (born).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dvi+jan)

• dvi – two
  numeral (masculine/feminine/neuter)
• jan – born, produced
  noun/adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Agent noun/adjective from root jan
  Derived from root jan
  Root: jan (class 4)

ओषधिभ्यः (oṣadhibhyaḥ) - 'from herbs'. (from herbs, than herbs (plural))

(noun)

Ablative, feminine, plural of oṣadhi

oṣadhi - herb, plant, medicinal plant

i-stem noun.

Note: Governed by 'bahiḥ'.

बहिः (bahiḥ) - 'outside'. (outside, outwardly)

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

Note: Governs 'oṣadhibhyaḥ'.

यस्मात् (yasmāt) - 'since' or 'because'. (from which, because, since, whereby)

(pronoun)

Ablative, masculine/neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

Relative pronoun.

Note: Introduces a reason/cause.

प्राणी (prāṇī) - 'living being'. (living being, animate creature)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāṇin

prāṇin - living, animate, living being, creature

n-stem noun.

Root: prāṇ (class 2)

Note: Subject of 'vidyate'.

कश्चित् (kaścit) - 'any' or 'a certain'. With 'na', it means 'no one' or 'no'. (anyone, someone, any)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaścid

kaścid - anyone, someone, a certain

Compound of 'kim' (what) + 'cid' (particle indicating indefiniteness).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (kim+cid)

• kim – what?, which?, who?
  pronoun (neuter)
  Interrogative pronoun
• cid – and, also, even, at least (particle indicating indefiniteness)
  indeclinable
  Indeclinable particle

Note: Agrees with 'prāṇī'.

न (na) - 'not'. (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

Note: Negates 'vidyate'.

विद्यते (vidyate) - 'it exists' or 'is found'. (it exists, is found, is known)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of vid

Present Middle Indicative, 3rd person singular

Root vid (4th class, 'vidyate' from 'vid-ya-te', passive-like construction meaning 'is found/exists').

Root: vid (class 4)

कस्य (kasya) - 'whose'. (whose, of whom)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine/neuter, singular of kim

kim - what?, which?, who?

Interrogative pronoun.

Note: Modifies 'vāk'.

एषा (eṣā) - 'this' (referring to 'vāk'). (this, this one (feminine singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of etad

etad - this, that

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Agrees with 'vāk'.

वाक् (vāk) - 'word'. (word, speech, voice)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vāc

vāc - word, speech, voice, utterance

c-stem noun.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Subject of 'bhavet'.

भवेत् (bhavet) - 'could be' or 'would be'. (it may be, it should be, it would be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of bhū

Optative Active, 3rd person singular

Root bhū (1st class).

Root: bhū (class 1)

सत्या (satyā) - 'true'. (true, real, truthful (feminine singular))

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of satya

satya - true, real, truthful, existing

From 'sat' (being, existing).

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'vāk'.

मोक्षः (mokṣaḥ) - 'liberation'. (liberation, release, freedom (mokṣa))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mokṣa

mokṣa - liberation, release, freedom, salvation (mokṣa)

From root 'muc' (to free, release).

Root: muc (class 6)

Note: Subject of 'asti'.

न (na) - 'not'. (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

Note: Negates 'asti'.

अस्ति (asti) - 'exists'. (is, exists)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of as

Present Active Indicative, 3rd person singular

Root 'as' (2nd class).

Root: as (class 2)

गृहात् (gṛhāt) - 'from the householder's life'. (from the house, from the householder's life)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of gṛha

gṛha - house, home, dwelling

a-stem noun.

Root: gṛh

इति (iti) - Marks the end of a quoted statement. (thus, so, (quotes speech or thought))

(indeclinable)

Particle.