महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-261, verse-5

स्यूमरश्मिरुवाच ।
यद्येषा परमा निष्ठा यद्येषा परमा गतिः ।
गृहस्थानव्यपाश्रित्य नाश्रमोऽन्यः प्रवर्तते ॥५॥

5. syūmaraśmiruvāca ,
yadyeṣā paramā niṣṭhā yadyeṣā paramā gatiḥ ,
gṛhasthānavyapāśritya nāśramo'nyaḥ pravartate.

5. syūmaraśmiḥ uvāca yadi eṣā paramā niṣṭhā yadi eṣā paramā
gatiḥ gṛhasthān anavyapāśritya na āśramaḥ anyaḥ pravartate

5. syūmaraśmiḥ uvāca yadi eṣā paramā niṣṭhā yadi eṣā paramā
gatiḥ gṛhasthān anavyapāśritya na anyaḥ āśramaḥ pravartate

5. Syūmaraśmi said: "If this indeed is the supreme state (niṣṭhā) and the highest goal, then no other stage of life (āśrama) can function without depending on householders (gṛhastha)."

Words meanings summery:

• स्यूमरश्मिः (syūmaraśmiḥ) - Syūmaraśmi (proper noun)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• यदि (yadi) - if (if, in case)

• एषा (eṣā) - this (this (feminine))

• परमा (paramā) - supreme, highest, ultimate, excellent

• निष्ठा (niṣṭhā) - supreme state or ultimate firm position (firm position, devotion, end, state, conclusion)

• यदि (yadi) - if (if, in case)

• एषा (eṣā) - this (this (feminine))

• परमा (paramā) - supreme, highest, ultimate, excellent

• गतिः (gatiḥ) - supreme goal (path, goal, state, destination)

• गृहस्थान् (gṛhasthān) - householders, heads of families

• अनव्यपाश्रित्य (anavyapāśritya) - without depending on, without relying on

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• आश्रमः (āśramaḥ) - stage of life (stage of life, hermitage)

• अन्यः (anyaḥ) - other (other, another, different)

• प्रवर्तते (pravartate) - can function (functions, proceeds, exists, takes place)

Words meanings and morphology

स्यूमरश्मिः (syūmaraśmiḥ) - Syūmaraśmi (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of syūmaraśmi

syūmaraśmi - Syūmaraśmi (name of a sage)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active

Perfect indicative, third person singular, active voice (reduplicated).

Root: vac (class 2)

यदि (yadi) - if (if, in case)

(indeclinable)

Conditional particle.

एषा (eṣā) - this (this (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of etad

etad - this, that

Demonstrative pronoun.

परमा (paramā) - supreme, highest, ultimate, excellent

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of parama

parama - supreme, highest, ultimate, excellent, greatest

निष्ठा (niṣṭhā) - supreme state or ultimate firm position (firm position, devotion, end, state, conclusion)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of niṣṭhā

niṣṭhā - firm position, foundation, devotion, state, end, conclusion, perfection

From prefix nis- + root √sthā (to stand, remain) + a suffix.

Prefix: nis

Root: sthā (class 1)

यदि (yadi) - if (if, in case)

(indeclinable)

Conditional particle.

एषा (eṣā) - this (this (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of etad

etad - this, that

Demonstrative pronoun.

परमा (paramā) - supreme, highest, ultimate, excellent

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of parama

parama - supreme, highest, ultimate, excellent, greatest

गतिः (gatiḥ) - supreme goal (path, goal, state, destination)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of gati

gati - going, moving, path, course, goal, state, destination, refuge

From root √gam (to go) + kti suffix.

Root: gam (class 1)

गृहस्थान् (gṛhasthān) - householders, heads of families

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of gṛhastha

gṛhastha - householder, head of a family; one in the second stage of life (āśrama)

From gṛha (house) + stha (standing, abiding) - a compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gṛha+stha)

• gṛha – house, home, dwelling
  noun (neuter)
• stha – standing, abiding, existing
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun/adjective
  From root √sthā (to stand) + a suffix.
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Object of 'anavyapāśritya'.

अनव्यपाश्रित्य (anavyapāśritya) - without depending on, without relying on

(indeclinable)

gerund/absolutive

Formed from negation 'an-' + prefixes 'vi-apa-' + root √śri (to resort to, lean on) + -ya suffix.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+vyapāśritya)

• an – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
• vyapāśritya – having resorted to, having relied upon
  indeclinable
  gerund/absolutive
  From prefixes vi-apa- + root √śri (to resort to, lean on) + -ya suffix.
  Prefixes: vi+apa
  Root: śri (class 1)

Note: Implies the condition for the main clause.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negation particle.

आश्रमः (āśramaḥ) - stage of life (stage of life, hermitage)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āśrama

āśrama - stage of life, hermitage, monastery, religious retreat

From prefix ā- + root √śram (to toil, exert oneself) + a suffix.

Prefix: ā

Root: śram (class 4)

Note: Subject of the main clause.

अन्यः (anyaḥ) - other (other, another, different)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anya

anya - other, another, different

Indefinite pronoun/adjective.

प्रवर्तते (pravartate) - can function (functions, proceeds, exists, takes place)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of pravṛt

present middle

Present indicative, third person singular, middle (ātmanepada) voice. From prefix pra- + root √vṛt (to turn, exist).

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)