महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-261, verse-4

विशोका नष्टरजसस्तेषां लोकाः सनातनाः ।
तेषां गतिं परां प्राप्य गार्हस्थ्ये किं प्रयोजनम् ॥४॥

4. viśokā naṣṭarajasasteṣāṁ lokāḥ sanātanāḥ ,
teṣāṁ gatiṁ parāṁ prāpya gārhasthye kiṁ prayojanam.

4. viśokāḥ naṣṭarajasaḥ teṣām lokāḥ sanātanāḥ teṣām
gatim parām prāpya gārhasthye kim prayojanam

4. viśokāḥ naṣṭarajasaḥ teṣām lokāḥ sanātanāḥ
parām gatim prāpya gārhasthye kim prayojanam

4. Those who are free from sorrow (viśoka) and whose passionate nature (rajas) is destroyed, attain eternal realms. Having achieved such a supreme state, what purpose then remains in the life of a householder?

Words meanings summery:

• विशोकाः (viśokāḥ) - free from sorrow, griefless

• नष्टरजसः (naṣṭarajasaḥ) - whose passionate nature (rajas) is destroyed (whose rajas (passion/impurity) is destroyed, free from passion)

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - for them (their, for them, of them)

• लोकाः (lokāḥ) - the realms (or states of being) (worlds, realms, regions, people)

• सनातनाः (sanātanāḥ) - eternal, everlasting, perpetual

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - their, for them, of them

• गतिम् (gatim) - supreme state or destination (path, course, movement, goal, state, destination)

• पराम् (parām) - supreme, highest, ultimate, excellent

• प्राप्य (prāpya) - having attained, having reached, having obtained

• गार्हस्थ्ये (gārhasthye) - in the life of a householder (in householder life, in domesticity)

• किम् (kim) - what (what, why, whether)

• प्रयोजनम् (prayojanam) - purpose (purpose, object, motive, use, advantage)

Words meanings and morphology

विशोकाः (viśokāḥ) - free from sorrow, griefless

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of viśoka

viśoka - free from sorrow, griefless, cheerful

From prefix vi- + śoka (sorrow).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+śoka)

• vi – without, free from (as a negative prefix)
  indeclinable
• śoka – sorrow, grief, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
  From root √śuc (to burn, to grieve).
  Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Refers to the implied subject, 'those (wise ones).'

नष्टरजसः (naṣṭarajasaḥ) - whose passionate nature (rajas) is destroyed (whose rajas (passion/impurity) is destroyed, free from passion)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of naṣṭarajas

naṣṭarajas - whose passion is destroyed, free from rajas

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (naṣṭa+rajas)

• naṣṭa – destroyed, lost, perished
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √naś (to perish, be lost) + kta suffix.
  Root: naś (class 4)
• rajas – passion, impurity, dust, menses; one of the three guṇas
  noun (neuter)

Note: Adjective modifying the implied subject.

तेषाम् (teṣām) - for them (their, for them, of them)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Used with 'lokāḥ'.

लोकाः (lokāḥ) - the realms (or states of being) (worlds, realms, regions, people)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of loka

loka - world, realm, space, people, vision

From root √lok (to see, perceive).

Root: lok (class 1)

Note: Subject of the first clause, implicitly 'bhavanti' (are).

सनातनाः (sanātanāḥ) - eternal, everlasting, perpetual

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sanātana

sanātana - eternal, everlasting, perpetual, ancient

From sana (always, ever) + tana (suffix indicating belonging to).

Note: Predicate adjective for 'lokāḥ'.

तेषाम् (teṣām) - their, for them, of them

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Used with 'gatim'.

गतिम् (gatim) - supreme state or destination (path, course, movement, goal, state, destination)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gati

gati - going, moving, path, course, goal, state, destination, refuge

From root √gam (to go) + kti suffix.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Object of 'prāpya'.

पराम् (parām) - supreme, highest, ultimate, excellent

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of para

para - supreme, highest, ultimate, excellent, other, next

प्राप्य (prāpya) - having attained, having reached, having obtained

(indeclinable)

gerund/absolutive

Formed from prefix pra- + root √āp (to obtain, reach) + -ya suffix.

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Gerund governing 'gatim'.

गार्हस्थ्ये (gārhasthye) - in the life of a householder (in householder life, in domesticity)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of gārhasthya

gārhasthya - householder life, domestic state, belonging to a householder

From gṛhastha (householder) + ya (suffix forming abstract nouns/adjectives).

Note: Locative case indicating 'in what'.

किम् (kim) - what (what, why, whether)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, why, whether

Interrogative pronoun/adjective.

Note: Subject of the question.

प्रयोजनम् (prayojanam) - purpose (purpose, object, motive, use, advantage)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of prayojana

prayojana - purpose, object, motive, aim, use, advantage

From prefix pra- + root √yuj (to join, apply) + -ana suffix.

Prefix: pra

Root: yuj (class 7)