महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-261, verse-30

द्वंद्वारामेषु सर्वेषु य एको रमते मुनिः ।
परेषामननुध्यायंस्तं देवा ब्राह्मणं विदुः ॥३०॥

30. dvaṁdvārāmeṣu sarveṣu ya eko ramate muniḥ ,
pareṣāmananudhyāyaṁstaṁ devā brāhmaṇaṁ viduḥ.

30. dvandvārāmeṣu sarveṣu yaḥ ekaḥ ramate muniḥ
pareṣām ananudhyāyan tam devāḥ brāhmaṇam viduḥ

30. yaḥ ekaḥ muniḥ sarveṣu dvandvārāmeṣu ramate,
pareṣām ananudhyāyan,
tam devāḥ brāhmaṇam viduḥ

30. The gods recognize as a Brahmin that sage who, alone, delights within himself amidst all those who find pleasure in worldly dualities, and who does not contemplate others.

Words meanings summery:

• द्वन्द्वारामेषु (dvandvārāmeṣu) - among those delighting in dualities, among those finding pleasure in pairs of opposites

• सर्वेषु (sarveṣu) - in all, among all

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which, that

• एकः (ekaḥ) - one, alone, unique

• रमते (ramate) - delights, rejoices, plays

• मुनिः (muniḥ) - sage, ascetic, silent one

• परेषाम् (pareṣām) - of others, belonging to others

• अननुध्यायन् (ananudhyāyan) - not contemplating, not thinking of, not following

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• देवाः (devāḥ) - gods, divine beings

• ब्राह्मणम् (brāhmaṇam) - Brahmin, one who knows Brahman

• विदुः (viduḥ) - they know, they understand

Words meanings and morphology

द्वन्द्वारामेषु (dvandvārāmeṣu) - among those delighting in dualities, among those finding pleasure in pairs of opposites

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of dvandvārāma

dvandvārāma - delighting in dualities (pleasure/pain, heat/cold etc.), finding pleasure in pairs of opposites

Compound type : tatpurusha (dvandva+ārāma)

• dvandva – duality, pair of opposites, conflict
  noun (neuter)
• ārāma – delight, pleasure, garden, park
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ram (class 1)

सर्वेषु (sarveṣu) - in all, among all

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

यः (yaḥ) - who, which, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, that

एकः (ekaḥ) - one, alone, unique

(numeral)

रमते (ramate) - delights, rejoices, plays

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ram

Atm. (Middle voice) conjugation.

Root: ram (class 1)

मुनिः (muniḥ) - sage, ascetic, silent one

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of muni

muni - sage, ascetic, hermit, silent one

परेषाम् (pareṣām) - of others, belonging to others

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of para

para - other, another, distant, supreme

अननुध्यायन् (ananudhyāyan) - not contemplating, not thinking of, not following

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ananudhyāyat

ananudhyāyat - not contemplating, not thinking of, not following

Present Active Participle

Derived from root dhyā (to meditate) with upasargas anu and negative prefix an.

Compound type : nah-tatpurusha (an+anudhyāyat)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• anudhyāyat – contemplating, thinking of, following
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  Derived from root dhyā with upasarga anu.
  Prefix: anu
  Root: dhyā (class 1)

Note: Nom. sing. masc. of the present active participle ananudhyāyat, agreeing with muniḥ.

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

देवाः (devāḥ) - gods, divine beings

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity, divine being

ब्राह्मणम् (brāhmaṇam) - Brahmin, one who knows Brahman

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - Brahmin (member of the priestly class), one related to Brahman, one who knows Brahman

विदुः (viduḥ) - they know, they understand

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of vid

Perfect tense, 3rd plural.

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Root 'vid' (to know) belongs to the Ad-class (2nd conjugation). This is the 3rd plural active perfect, often treated as present.

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