महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-261, verse-39

प्रत्यक्षमिह पश्यन्तो भवन्तः सत्पथे स्थिताः ।
किमत्र प्रत्यक्षतमं भवन्तो यदुपासते ।
अन्यत्र तर्कशास्त्रेभ्य आगमाच्च यथागमम् ॥३९॥

39. pratyakṣamiha paśyanto bhavantaḥ satpathe sthitāḥ ,
kimatra pratyakṣatamaṁ bhavanto yadupāsate ,
anyatra tarkaśāstrebhya āgamācca yathāgamam.

39. pratyakṣam iha paśyantaḥ bhavantaḥ sat
pathe sthitāḥ | kim atra pratyakṣatamam
bhavantaḥ yat upāsate | anyatra
tarkaśāstrebhyaḥ āgamāt ca yathā āgamam

39. bhavantaḥ iha pratyakṣam paśyantaḥ
sat pathe sthitāḥ atra kim bhavantaḥ
pratyakṣatamam yat upāsate anyatra
tarkaśāstrebhyaḥ ca āgamāt yathā āgamam

39. You, who are present here and directly perceive (the truth), are established on the path of goodness. What among these (perceptible) things do you, revered sirs, worship as most directly perceptible? (I ask this) apart from what is found in logical treatises and (other interpretations of) the scriptures (āgama), but still in accordance with the true spirit of the scriptures (āgama).

Words meanings summery:

• प्रत्यक्षम् (pratyakṣam) - directly (perceiving) (directly, perceptibly, evident)

• इह (iha) - here (present) (here, in this place)

• पश्यन्तः (paśyantaḥ) - (you) perceiving (seeing, perceiving)

• भवन्तः (bhavantaḥ) - revered sirs (plural) (you (plural, honorific))

• सत् (sat) - true, good (path) (good, true, real, existing)

• पथे (pathe) - on the path

• स्थिताः (sthitāḥ) - established (on the path) (standing, situated, established)

• किम् (kim) - what?

• अत्र (atra) - among these (perceptible things) (here, among these)

• प्रत्यक्षतमम् (pratyakṣatamam) - most directly perceptible (most directly perceptible, most evident)

• भवन्तः (bhavantaḥ) - revered sirs (plural) (you (plural, honorific))

• यत् (yat) - which (which, that (relative pronoun))

• उपासते (upāsate) - you worship (they worship, they attend upon)

• अन्यत्र (anyatra) - apart from (elsewhere, otherwise, apart from)

• तर्कशास्त्रेभ्यः (tarkaśāstrebhyaḥ) - from logical treatises

• आगमात् (āgamāt) - from scripture (āgama) (from scripture, from tradition)

• च (ca) - and

• यथा (yathā) - according to (as, in which way, according to)

• आगमम् (āgamam) - the scriptures (āgama) (scripture, tradition (accusative))

Words meanings and morphology

प्रत्यक्षम् (pratyakṣam) - directly (perceiving) (directly, perceptibly, evident)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pratyakṣa

pratyakṣa - perceptible, direct perception, evident

From prati (before) + akṣa (eye).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (prati+akṣi)

• prati – towards, against, before
  indeclinable
• akṣi – eye
  noun (neuter)

Note: Acts as an adverb.

इह (iha) - here (present) (here, in this place)

(indeclinable)

पश्यन्तः (paśyantaḥ) - (you) perceiving (seeing, perceiving)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of paśyat

paśyat - seeing, looking

Present Active Participle

From root dṛś (to see), with present stem paśya-.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'bhavantaḥ'.

भवन्तः (bhavantaḥ) - revered sirs (plural) (you (plural, honorific))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhavat

bhavat - you, your worship, reverend

Present active participle of bhū (to be)

Used as an honorific pronoun for 'you'.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Used as an honorific for the interlocutors.

सत् (sat) - true, good (path) (good, true, real, existing)

(adjective)

singular of sat

sat - being, existing, good, true, real

Present active participle

Present participle of as (to be).

Root: as (class 2)

Note: First part of the compound 'satpatha'.

पथे (pathe) - on the path

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of pathin

pathin - path, road, way

Note: Second part of the compound 'satpatha'.

स्थिताः (sthitāḥ) - established (on the path) (standing, situated, established)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sthita

sthita - standing, staying, situated, established

Past Passive Participle

From root sthā (to stand) + kta suffix.

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'bhavantaḥ'.

किम् (kim) - what?

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Interrogative pronoun.

अत्र (atra) - among these (perceptible things) (here, among these)

(indeclinable)

प्रत्यक्षतमम् (pratyakṣatamam) - most directly perceptible (most directly perceptible, most evident)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of pratyakṣatama

pratyakṣatama - most perceptible, most evident

Superlative

Superlative form of pratyakṣa, using -tama suffix.

Compound type : tatpurusha (pratyakṣa+tama)

• pratyakṣa – perceptible, direct perception, evident
  adjective (neuter)
  From prati (before) + akṣa (eye).
  Prefix: prati
• tama – suffix for superlative degree
  suffix

Note: Agrees with 'kim'.

भवन्तः (bhavantaḥ) - revered sirs (plural) (you (plural, honorific))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhavat

bhavat - you, your worship, reverend

Present active participle of bhū (to be)

Used as an honorific pronoun for 'you'.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'upāsate'.

यत् (yat) - which (which, that (relative pronoun))

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, that

Note: Refers to the 'pratyakṣatamam'.

उपासते (upāsate) - you worship (they worship, they attend upon)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of upās

Present tense, third person plural, middle voice, of root ās with prefix upa-.

Prefix: upa

Root: ās (class 2)

Note: Used here with 'bhavantaḥ' for the 2nd person plural (you worship).

अन्यत्र (anyatra) - apart from (elsewhere, otherwise, apart from)

(indeclinable)

Derived from anya (other) + tral suffix.

तर्कशास्त्रेभ्यः (tarkaśāstrebhyaḥ) - from logical treatises

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, plural of tarkaśāstra

tarkaśāstra - treatise on logic, logical science

Compound type : tatpurusha (tarka+śāstra)

• tarka – reasoning, logic, argument
  noun (masculine)
  Root: tark (class 10)
• śāstra – treatise, scripture, science, rule
  noun (neuter)

Note: Governed by 'anyatra'.

आगमात् (āgamāt) - from scripture (āgama) (from scripture, from tradition)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of āgama

āgama - scripture, tradition, revealed text, arrival

From root gam (to go) with prefix ā- (towards).

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Governed by 'anyatra'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects tarkaśāstrebhyaḥ and āgamāt.

यथा (yathā) - according to (as, in which way, according to)

(indeclinable)

Note: First part of the compound 'yathāgamam'.

आगमम् (āgamam) - the scriptures (āgama) (scripture, tradition (accusative))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āgama

āgama - scripture, tradition, revealed text, arrival

From root gam (to go) with prefix ā- (towards).

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Forms the compound 'yathāgamam' (adverbial).