महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-261, verse-48

शास्त्रं ह्यबुद्ध्वा तत्त्वेन केचिद्वादबला जनाः ।
कामद्वेषाभिभूतत्वादहंकारवशं गताः ॥४८॥

48. śāstraṁ hyabuddhvā tattvena kecidvādabalā janāḥ ,
kāmadveṣābhibhūtatvādahaṁkāravaśaṁ gatāḥ.

48. शास्त्रम् हि अबुद्ध्वा तत्त्वेन केचित् वादबलाः
जनाः कामद्वेष अभिभूतत्वात् अहङ्कारवशम् गताः

48. हि केचित् वादबलाः जनाः शास्त्रम् तत्त्वेन
अबुद्ध्वा कामद्वेष अभिभूतत्वात् अहङ्कारवशम् गताः

48. Indeed, some people, strong in argument, without truly understanding the essence of the scriptures (śāstra), become overcome by desire (kāma) and aversion (dveṣa), and thus fall under the sway of ego (ahaṅkāra).

Words meanings summery:

• शास्त्रम् (शास्त्रम्) - the scriptures (scripture, teaching, treatise)

• हि (हि) - indeed (indeed, surely, for, because)

• अबुद्ध्वा (अबुद्ध्वा) - without understanding, having not understood

• तत्त्वेन (तत्त्वेन) - truly, in essence (truly, in essence, according to reality)

• केचित् (केचित्) - some people (some, certain ones)

• वादबलाः (वादबलाः) - strong in argument (powerful in debate/argument, whose strength is argument)

• जनाः (जनाः) - people, persons

• कामद्वेष (कामद्वेष) - desire and hatred/aversion

• अभिभूतत्वात् (अभिभूतत्वात्) - due to being overcome (by desire and aversion) (due to being overcome, from being overwhelmed, from being subdued)

• अहङ्कारवशम् (अहङ्कारवशम्) - under the sway of ego, subjugated by ego

• गताः (गताः) - have fallen (under the sway) (have gone, have fallen, having reached)

Words meanings and morphology

शास्त्रम् (शास्त्रम्) - the scriptures (scripture, teaching, treatise)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śāstra

śāstra - scripture, teaching, treatise, rule, instruction

From root śās 'to teach, to instruct'

Root: śās (class 2)

हि (हि) - indeed (indeed, surely, for, because)

(indeclinable)

अबुद्ध्वा (अबुद्ध्वा) - without understanding, having not understood

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root budh 'to know, to understand' (Bhvādi 1 / Div. 4) with negation 'a' and suffix -tvā

Prefix: a

Root: budh (class 1)

तत्त्वेन (तत्त्वेन) - truly, in essence (truly, in essence, according to reality)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tattva

tattva - truth, reality, essence, principle

From tad 'that' + tva (abstract suffix)

केचित् (केचित्) - some people (some, certain ones)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kaścid

kaścid - someone, anyone, a certain one (indefinite pronoun)

From kim + cit

वादबलाः (वादबलाः) - strong in argument (powerful in debate/argument, whose strength is argument)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vādarbala

vādarbala - powerful in debate, strong in argument

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vāda+bala)

• vāda – argument, discourse, discussion, doctrine
  noun (masculine)
  From root vad 'to speak'
  Root: vad (class 1)
• bala – strength, power, force
  noun (neuter)

जनाः (जनाः) - people, persons

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jana

jana - person, people, man, creature

From root jan 'to be born'

Root: jan (class 4)

कामद्वेष (कामद्वेष) - desire and hatred/aversion

(noun)

masculine, singular of kāmadveṣa

kāmadveṣa - desire and hatred/aversion

Compound type : dvandva (kāma+dveṣa)

• kāma – desire, wish, love, sensual pleasure
  noun (masculine)
  From root kam 'to desire'
  Root: kam (class 1)
• dveṣa – hatred, aversion, dislike, enmity
  noun (masculine)
  From root dviṣ 'to hate'
  Root: dviṣ (class 2)

Note: Part of a larger compound.

अभिभूतत्वात् (अभिभूतत्वात्) - due to being overcome (by desire and aversion) (due to being overcome, from being overwhelmed, from being subdued)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of abhibhūtatva

abhibhūtatva - the state of being overcome/overwhelmed/subdued

Abstract noun formed from abhibhūta (past passive participle) + tva

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (abhibhūta+tva)

• abhibhūta – overcome, overwhelmed, subdued, conquered
  participle
  Past Passive Participle
  From abhi + bhū 'to be' + kta
  Prefix: abhi
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• tva – suffix forming abstract nouns; state, quality, nature
  suffix (neuter)

अहङ्कारवशम् (अहङ्कारवशम्) - under the sway of ego, subjugated by ego

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ahaṅkāravaśa

ahaṅkāravaśa - the power/control/sway of ego (ahaṅkāra)

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī tatpuruṣa (ahaṅkāra+vaśa)

• ahaṅkāra – ego, egotism, self-consciousness (ahaṅkāra)
  noun (masculine)
  From aham 'I' + kṛ 'to make'
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• vaśa – sway, control, power, subjugation
  noun (masculine)

गताः (गताः) - have fallen (under the sway) (have gone, have fallen, having reached)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gata

gata - gone, reached, fallen into, obtained

Past Passive Participle

From root gam 'to go' + kta

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Used as a predicate adjective, implying a finite verb 'are'.