महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-261, verse-53

स्यूमरश्मिरुवाच ।
सर्वमेतन्मया ब्रह्मञ्शास्त्रतः परिकीर्तितम् ।
न ह्यविज्ञाय शास्त्रार्थं प्रवर्तन्ते प्रवृत्तयः ॥५३॥

53. syūmaraśmiruvāca ,
sarvametanmayā brahmañśāstrataḥ parikīrtitam ,
na hyavijñāya śāstrārthaṁ pravartante pravṛttayaḥ.

53. syūmaraśmiḥ uvāca sarvam etat mayā brahman śāstrataḥ
parikīrtitam na hi avijñāya śāstrārtham pravartante pravṛttayaḥ

53. syūmaraśmiḥ uvāca he brahman etat sarvam mayā śāstrataḥ
parikīrtitam hi śāstrārtham avijñāya pravṛttayaḥ na pravartante

53. Syumarashmi said: "All this has been fully expounded by me, O Brahmin (brahman), in accordance with the scriptures (śāstra). For indeed, actions (pravṛttayaḥ) do not proceed without understanding the meaning of the scriptures (śāstra)."

Words meanings summery:

• स्यूमरश्मिः (syūmaraśmiḥ) - Syumarashmi (proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, everything, the whole

• एतत् (etat) - this

• मया (mayā) - by me

• ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - Addressed to a Brahmin. (O Brahmin)

• शास्त्रतः (śāstrataḥ) - according to the scriptures, from the scriptures

• परिकीर्तितम् (parikīrtitam) - fully proclaimed, thoroughly expounded

• न (na) - not, no

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

• अविज्ञाय (avijñāya) - without having understood, not knowing

• शास्त्रार्थम् (śāstrārtham) - the meaning of the scriptures

• प्रवर्तन्ते (pravartante) - they proceed, they function, they engage in

• प्रवृत्तयः (pravṛttayaḥ) - actions, activities, tendencies

Words meanings and morphology

स्यूमरश्मिः (syūmaraśmiḥ) - Syumarashmi (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of syūmaraśmi

syūmaraśmi - Syumarashmi (name of a sage)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active Third Person Singular

Perfect tense form from root 'vac' (to speak). Irregular stem.

Root: vac (class 2)

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, everything, the whole

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - Addressed to a Brahmin. (O Brahmin)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of brahman

brahman - a Brahmin, a priest

Root: bṛh (class 1)

शास्त्रतः (śāstrataḥ) - according to the scriptures, from the scriptures

(indeclinable)

Root: śās (class 2)

परिकीर्तितम् (parikīrtitam) - fully proclaimed, thoroughly expounded

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of parikīrtita

parikīrtita - fully proclaimed, thoroughly expounded, described

Past Passive Participle

From pari + root kīrt (to praise, proclaim). Neuter nominative/accusative singular.

Prefix: pari

Root: kīrt (class 10)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

(indeclinable)

अविज्ञाय (avijñāya) - without having understood, not knowing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From a (negative prefix) + vi + root jñā. Absolutive form with 'ya' suffix.

Prefixes: a+vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

शास्त्रार्थम् (śāstrārtham) - the meaning of the scriptures

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śāstrārtha

śāstrārtha - meaning of the scripture, purpose of the treatise

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śāstra+artha)

• śāstra – scripture, treatise, rule
  noun (neuter)
  Root: śās (class 2)
• artha – meaning, purpose, object, wealth
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛ

प्रवर्तन्ते (pravartante) - they proceed, they function, they engage in

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of pravart

Present Middle Third Person Plural

From pra + root vṛt. Conjugated in middle voice.

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

प्रवृत्तयः (pravṛttayaḥ) - actions, activities, tendencies

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of pravṛtti

pravṛtti - action, activity, tendency, engagement

Root: vṛt (class 1)