महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-261, verse-29

अनुत्तरीयवसनमनुपस्तीर्णशायिनम् ।
बाहूपधानं शाम्यन्तं तं देवा ब्राह्मणं विदुः ॥२९॥

29. anuttarīyavasanamanupastīrṇaśāyinam ,
bāhūpadhānaṁ śāmyantaṁ taṁ devā brāhmaṇaṁ viduḥ.

29. anuttarīyavasanam anupastīrṇaśāyinam
bāhūpadhānam śāmyantam tam devāḥ brāhmaṇam viduḥ

29. devāḥ anuttarīyavasanam anupastīrṇaśāyinam
bāhūpadhānam śāmyantam tam brāhmaṇam viduḥ

29. The gods know that person as a Brahmin who is without an upper garment (anuttrīyavasana), who sleeps without a couch (anupastīrṇaśāyin), who uses his arms as a pillow (bāhūpadhāna), and who is tranquil (śāmyantam).

Words meanings summery:

• अनुत्तरीयवसनम् (anuttarīyavasanam) - one who has no upper garment, without an upper garment

• अनुपस्तीर्णशायिनम् (anupastīrṇaśāyinam) - one who sleeps without a couch/bedding

• बाहूपधानम् (bāhūpadhānam) - one for whom arms are a pillow, using arms as a pillow

• शाम्यन्तम् (śāmyantam) - tranquil, calm, pacified

• तम् (tam) - him, that (person)

• देवाः (devāḥ) - the gods

• ब्राह्मणम् (brāhmaṇam) - a Brahmin

• विदुः (viduḥ) - they know

Words meanings and morphology

अनुत्तरीयवसनम् (anuttarīyavasanam) - one who has no upper garment, without an upper garment

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of anuttarīyavasana

anuttarīyavasana - one who is without an upper garment

Compound: A-UTTARĪYA-VASANA, meaning 'one for whom upper garment is not (there)'. Bahuvrīhi compound, with 'a' as negative prefix.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+uttarīya+vasana)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• uttarīya – upper garment, shawl
  noun (neuter)
  From 'uttara' (upper, subsequent).
• vasana – garment, clothing
  noun (neuter)
  From root VAS (to wear).
  Root: vas (class 2)

Note: Accusative masculine singular, modifying 'tam'.

अनुपस्तीर्णशायिनम् (anupastīrṇaśāyinam) - one who sleeps without a couch/bedding

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of anupastīrṇaśāyin

anupastīrṇaśāyin - one who lies or sleeps without bedding

Compound: A-UPASTĪRṆA-ŚĀYIN. Bahuvrīhi compound, meaning 'one for whom there is no upastīrṇa (bedding) while śāyin (sleeping/lying)'. 'A' is negative prefix. 'Upastīrṇa' is PPP of UPAS+TṚ. 'Śāyin' is an agent noun from root ŚĪ.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+upastīrṇa+śāyin)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• upastīrṇa – spread out, strewn, a couch, bedding
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root TṚ (to cross, spread) with prefix UPA (near, under).
  Prefix: upa
  Root: tṛ (class 1)
• śāyin – lying, sleeping, one who sleeps
  noun (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  From root ŚĪ (to lie, sleep).
  Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Accusative masculine singular, modifying 'tam'.

बाहूपधानम् (bāhūpadhānam) - one for whom arms are a pillow, using arms as a pillow

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bāhūpadhāna

bāhūpadhāna - having one's arms as a pillow

Compound: BĀHU-UPADHĀNA, meaning 'one for whom arms (bāhu) are the pillow (upadhāna)'. Bahuvrīhi compound. Sandhi u+u -> ū.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bāhu+upadhāna)

• bāhu – arm, fore-arm
  noun (masculine)
• upadhāna – pillow, cushion
  noun (neuter)
  From root DHĀ (to place) with prefix UPA (near, under).
  Prefix: upa
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Accusative masculine singular, modifying 'tam'.

शाम्यन्तम् (śāmyantam) - tranquil, calm, pacified

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śāmyat

śāmyat - becoming calm, tranquil, pacified

Present Active Participle

From root ŚAM (to be calm, pacified).

Root: śam (class 4)

Note: Refers to the internal state of the person.

तम् (tam) - him, that (person)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun. Forms of 'tad' can also serve as third-person pronouns.

देवाः (devāḥ) - the gods

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity

Root: div (class 4)

ब्राह्मणम् (brāhmaṇam) - a Brahmin

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - Brahmin, one belonging to the priestly class, related to Brahman

From 'brahman' (the Absolute, sacred word).

Root: bṛh (class 1)

Note: This is the designation given to the person.

विदुः (viduḥ) - they know

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of vid

From root VID (to know). Perfect tense, 3rd person plural, active voice. The perfect tense is used here to denote a timeless truth, rather than a past action.

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Subject is 'devāḥ'.