महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-261, verse-31

येन सर्वमिदं बुद्धं प्रकृतिर्विकृतिश्च या ।
गतिज्ञः सर्वभूतानां तं देवा ब्राह्मणं विदुः ॥३१॥

31. yena sarvamidaṁ buddhaṁ prakṛtirvikṛtiśca yā ,
gatijñaḥ sarvabhūtānāṁ taṁ devā brāhmaṇaṁ viduḥ.

31. yena sarvam idam buddham prakṛtiḥ vikṛtiḥ ca yā
gatijñaḥ sarvabhūtānām tam devāḥ brāhmaṇam viduḥ

31. yena idam sarvam buddham,
yā ca prakṛtiḥ vikṛtiḥ,
(yaḥ ca) sarvabhūtānām gatijñaḥ,
tam devāḥ brāhmaṇam viduḥ

31. The gods recognize as a Brahmin that individual by whom all of this—both the fundamental nature (prakṛti) and its transformations—is understood, and who knows the destiny of all beings.

Words meanings summery:

• येन (yena) - by whom, by which

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, whole, every

• इदम् (idam) - this, here

• बुद्धम् (buddham) - understood, known, enlightened

• प्रकृतिः (prakṛtiḥ) - fundamental nature, primal matter, disposition

• विकृतिः (vikṛtiḥ) - modification, transformation, altered state

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• या (yā) - who (feminine), which (feminine)

• गतिज्ञः (gatijñaḥ) - knower of movement, knower of destiny, knowing the course

• सर्वभूतानाम् (sarvabhūtānām) - of all beings, of all creatures

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• देवाः (devāḥ) - gods, divine beings

• ब्राह्मणम् (brāhmaṇam) - Brahmin, one who knows Brahman

• विदुः (viduḥ) - they know, they understand

Words meanings and morphology

येन (yena) - by whom, by which

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, that

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, whole, every

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Also accusative.

इदम् (idam) - this, here

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, here, now

Note: Also accusative.

बुद्धम् (buddham) - understood, known, enlightened

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of buddha

buddha - awakened, enlightened, understood, known

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root budh (to know, awaken).

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Also accusative.

प्रकृतिः (prakṛtiḥ) - fundamental nature, primal matter, disposition

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of prakṛti

prakṛti - primal nature, fundamental constitution, original form, source, material cause (prakṛti)

From pra-kṛ (to make, do).

Prefix: pra

Root: kṛ (class 8)

विकृतिः (vikṛtiḥ) - modification, transformation, altered state

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vikṛti

vikṛti - modification, change, transformation, altered state, product

From vi-kṛ (to change, alter).

Prefix: vi

Root: kṛ (class 8)

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

या (yā) - who (feminine), which (feminine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, that

Note: Agrees with prakṛtiḥ and vikṛtiḥ.

गतिज्ञः (gatijñaḥ) - knower of movement, knower of destiny, knowing the course

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gatijña

gatijña - knower of movement, knower of destiny, knowing the course or state

Compound type : tatpurusha (gati+jña)

• gati – movement, course, path, destiny, state
  noun (feminine)
  From root gam (to go).
  Root: gam (class 1)
• jña – knower, understanding
  adjective (masculine)
  From root jñā (to know).
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Agrees with the implicit 'yaḥ' (who).

सर्वभूतानाम् (sarvabhūtānām) - of all beings, of all creatures

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of sarvabhūta

sarvabhūta - all beings, all creatures, everything that exists

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sarva+bhūta)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  pronoun (masculine)
• bhūta – being, creature, element, past, happened
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root bhū (to be, become).
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'gatijñaḥ'.

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

देवाः (devāḥ) - gods, divine beings

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity, divine being

ब्राह्मणम् (brāhmaṇam) - Brahmin, one who knows Brahman

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - Brahmin (member of the priestly class), one related to Brahman, one who knows Brahman

विदुः (viduḥ) - they know, they understand

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of vid

Perfect tense, 3rd plural.

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Root 'vid' (to know) belongs to the Ad-class (2nd conjugation). This is the 3rd plural active perfect, often treated as present.