महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-261, verse-37

कपिल उवाच ।
प्रत्यक्षमिह पश्यन्ति भवन्तः सत्पथे स्थिताः ।
प्रत्यक्षं तु किमत्रास्ति यद्भवन्त उपासते ॥३७॥

37. kapila uvāca ,
pratyakṣamiha paśyanti bhavantaḥ satpathe sthitāḥ ,
pratyakṣaṁ tu kimatrāsti yadbhavanta upāsate.

37. kapilaḥ uvāca pratyakṣam iha paśyanti bhavantaḥ satpathe
sthitāḥ pratyakṣam tu kim atra asti yat bhavantaḥ upāsate

37. kapilaḥ uvāca bhavantaḥ satpathe sthitāḥ iha pratyakṣam
paśyanti tu atra yat pratyakṣam bhavantaḥ upāsate kim asti

37. Kapila said: You, who are established on the path of truth, perceive direct evidence (pratyakṣa) in this world. But what exactly is that direct evidence (pratyakṣa) which you yourselves follow and venerate?

Words meanings summery:

• कपिलः (kapilaḥ) - Kapila (name of a sage, founder of Samkhya philosophy)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• प्रत्यक्षम् (pratyakṣam) - direct perception, visible, evident

• इह (iha) - here, in this world, in this case

• पश्यन्ति (paśyanti) - you (respectful plural) see/perceive (they see, they perceive, they observe)

• भवन्तः (bhavantaḥ) - your good selves, you (respectful plural)

• सत्पथे (satpathe) - on the right path, on the path of truth/goodness

• स्थिताः (sthitāḥ) - situated, abiding, standing, established

• प्रत्यक्षम् (pratyakṣam) - direct perception, visible, evident

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• किम् (kim) - what?, why?, interrogative particle

• अत्र (atra) - here, in this, in this matter

• अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

• यत् (yat) - which, that (relative pronoun)

• भवन्तः (bhavantaḥ) - your good selves, you (respectful plural)

• उपासते (upāsate) - you (respectful plural) pursue/revere (they worship, they attend, they pursue, they revere)

Words meanings and morphology

कपिलः (kapilaḥ) - Kapila (name of a sage, founder of Samkhya philosophy)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kapila

kapila - Kapila (name of a sage), tawny, brownish-red

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect active

3rd person singular perfect active, from root vac

Root: vac (class 2)

प्रत्यक्षम् (pratyakṣam) - direct perception, visible, evident

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pratyakṣa

pratyakṣa - direct perception, evident, visible, before the eyes

Compound: prati (towards) + akṣa (eye)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (prati+akṣa)

• prati – towards, against, in front of
  indeclinable
  prefix
• akṣa – eye, sense organ
  noun (neuter)

Note: Can also be nominative singular.

इह (iha) - here, in this world, in this case

(indeclinable)

पश्यन्ति (paśyanti) - you (respectful plural) see/perceive (they see, they perceive, they observe)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of dṛś

Present active

3rd person plural present active indicative, from root dṛś (class 1) via stem paśya-

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Used with 'bhavantaḥ' to mean 'you (plural, respectful) see'.

भवन्तः (bhavantaḥ) - your good selves, you (respectful plural)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhavat

bhavat - you (polite address), your good self, being

Present active participle

from root bhū 'to be', used as a polite pronoun

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Used as a respectful second person pronoun.

सत्पथे (satpathe) - on the right path, on the path of truth/goodness

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of satpatha

satpatha - right path, good path, path of truth

Compound: sat (good, true) + patha (path)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sat+patha)

• sat – real, true, good, existing
  adjective (masculine)
  Present active participle
  from root as 'to be'
  Root: as (class 2)
• patha – path, road, way
  noun (masculine)

स्थिताः (sthitāḥ) - situated, abiding, standing, established

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sthita

sthita - standing, situated, existing, firm, established

Past Passive Participle

from root sthā 'to stand'

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Refers to bhavantaḥ.

प्रत्यक्षम् (pratyakṣam) - direct perception, visible, evident

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pratyakṣa

pratyakṣa - direct perception, evident, visible, before the eyes

Compound: prati (towards) + akṣa (eye)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (prati+akṣa)

• prati – towards, against, in front of
  indeclinable
  prefix
• akṣa – eye, sense organ
  noun (neuter)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

किम् (kim) - what?, why?, interrogative particle

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - who?, what?, which?, why?

Note: Can also be accusative singular.

अत्र (atra) - here, in this, in this matter

(indeclinable)

अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of as

Present active

3rd person singular present active indicative, from root as (class 2)

Root: as (class 2)

यत् (yat) - which, that (relative pronoun)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

Note: Can also be accusative singular.

भवन्तः (bhavantaḥ) - your good selves, you (respectful plural)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhavat

bhavat - you (polite address), your good self, being

Present active participle

from root bhū 'to be', used as a polite pronoun

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Used as a respectful second person pronoun.

उपासते (upāsate) - you (respectful plural) pursue/revere (they worship, they attend, they pursue, they revere)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of ās

Present middle

3rd person plural present middle indicative, from root ās (class 2) with prefix upa-

Prefix: upa

Root: ās (class 2)

Compound type : pradi-samāsa (upa+āste)

• upa – near, towards, inferior
  indeclinable
  prefix
• āste – sits, dwells, worships
  verb
  Present middle
  from root ās 'to sit, worship'
  Root: ās (class 2)

Note: Used with 'bhavantaḥ' to mean 'you (plural, respectful) pursue/worship'.