महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-261, verse-1

कपिल उवाच ।
एतावदनुपश्यन्तो यतयो यान्ति मार्गगाः ।
नैषां सर्वेषु लोकेषु कश्चिदस्ति व्यतिक्रमः ॥१॥

1. kapila uvāca ,
etāvadanupaśyanto yatayo yānti mārgagāḥ ,
naiṣāṁ sarveṣu lokeṣu kaścidasti vyatikramaḥ.

1. kapila uvāca | etāvat anupaśyantaḥ yatayaḥ yānti mārgagāḥ
| na eṣām sarveṣu lokeṣu kaścit asti vyatikramaḥ

1. kapila uvāca etāvat anupaśyantaḥ mārgagāḥ yatayaḥ
yānti eṣām sarveṣu lokeṣu kaścit vyatikramaḥ na asti

1. Kapila said: Those ascetics (yati) who walk the path (mārgaga), perceiving these truths, reach their destination. For them, there is no obstacle (vyatikrama) in any of the worlds.

Words meanings summery:

• कपिल (kapila) - Kapila (proper noun)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• एतावत् (etāvat) - referring to the knowledge or principles discussed previously (so much, to this extent, these truths)

• अनुपश्यन्तः (anupaśyantaḥ) - perceiving, contemplating, seeing

• यतयः (yatayaḥ) - ascetics, renunciants, yogis, striving ones

• यान्ति (yānti) - they attain the goal of liberation (mokṣa) (they go, they attain, they reach)

• मार्गगाः (mārgagāḥ) - those who follow the spiritual path (those who go on the path, path-followers)

• न (na) - not, no

• एषाम् (eṣām) - for them, their, of these

• सर्वेषु (sarveṣu) - in all

• लोकेषु (lokeṣu) - in the worlds, in the realms

• कश्चित् (kaścit) - any, anyone, someone

• अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

• व्यतिक्रमः (vyatikramaḥ) - transgression, deviation, impediment, obstacle

Words meanings and morphology

कपिल (kapila) - Kapila (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kapila

kapila - the name of a celebrated sage, founder of Sāṃkhya philosophy

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect active

3rd person singular perfect active from root vac (to speak), Class 2.

Root: vac (class 2)

एतावत् (etāvat) - referring to the knowledge or principles discussed previously (so much, to this extent, these truths)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etāvat

etāvat - so much, this much, so far, to this extent, such

From pronoun etad (this) with suffix -vat.

Note: Describes the extent or object of perception.

अनुपश्यन्तः (anupaśyantaḥ) - perceiving, contemplating, seeing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of anupaśyant

anupaśyant - observing, contemplating, perceiving, seeing

Present active participle

Present active participle of root dṛś (to see) with prefix anu, Class 1 (paśyati stem).

Prefix: anu

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Describes the action of the ascetics.

यतयः (yatayaḥ) - ascetics, renunciants, yogis, striving ones

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yati

yati - ascetic, renunciant, one who strives or controls (senses), yogi

From root yat (to strive, to control).

Root: yat (class 1)

Note: Refers to those practicing spiritual discipline.

यान्ति (yānti) - they attain the goal of liberation (mokṣa) (they go, they attain, they reach)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of yā

Present active indicative

3rd person plural present active from root yā (to go), Class 2.

Root: yā (class 2)

मार्गगाः (mārgagāḥ) - those who follow the spiritual path (those who go on the path, path-followers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mārgaga

mārgaga - one who goes on the road/path, path-follower

Compound of mārga (path) and ga (going).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mārga+ga)

• mārga – path, road, way, spiritual path
  noun (masculine)
• ga – going, moving, reaching
  adjective
  From root gam (to go) with suffix -a.
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Describes the nature of the ascetics.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of negation.

एषाम् (eṣām) - for them, their, of these

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Genitive of possession or relation ('for these').

सर्वेषु (sarveṣu) - in all

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

लोकेषु (lokeṣu) - in the worlds, in the realms

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of loka

loka - world, realm, region, people

From root lok (to see, perceive).

Root: lok (class 1)

Note: Specifies the location where no impediment exists.

कश्चित् (kaścit) - any, anyone, someone

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaścid

kaścid - anyone, someone, any, some

From kim (who/what) + cit (indefinite particle).

Note: Indefinite pronoun.

अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present active indicative

3rd person singular present active from root as, Class 2.

Root: as (class 2)

व्यतिक्रमः (vyatikramaḥ) - transgression, deviation, impediment, obstacle

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyatikrama

vyatikrama - stepping beyond, transgression, violation, obstacle, impediment, deviation

From root kram (to step) with prefixes vi and ati.

Prefixes: vi+ati

Root: kram (class 1)

Note: The thing that does not exist for them.