महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-261, verse-24

नाक्रोशमर्छेन्न मृषा वदेच्च न पैशुनं जनवादं च कुर्यात् ।
सत्यव्रतो मितभाषोऽप्रमत्तस्तथास्य वाग्द्वारमथो सुगुप्तम् ॥२४॥

24. nākrośamarchenna mṛṣā vadecca; na paiśunaṁ janavādaṁ ca kuryāt ,
satyavrato mitabhāṣo'pramatta;stathāsya vāgdvāramatho suguptam.

24. na ākrośam arcet na mṛṣā vadet ca
na paiśunam janavādam ca kuryāt
satyavrataḥ mitabhāṣaḥ apramattaḥ
tathā asya vāgdvāram atho suguptam

24. na ākrośam arcet na mṛṣā vadet ca
na paiśunam janavādam ca kuryāt
satyavrataḥ mitabhāṣaḥ apramattaḥ
tathā asya vāgdvāram atho suguptam

24. One should not invite abuse, nor should one speak falsely. One should not engage in slander or gossip. A person who is committed to truth (satyavrata), speaks moderately, and is vigilant, thus has their door of speech very well-guarded.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• आक्रोशम् (ākrośam) - abuse (abuse, insult, loud cry)

• अर्चेत् (arcet) - one should invite/seek (one should seek, one should reach, one should go to)

• न (na) - not, no

• मृषा (mṛṣā) - falsely, untruly, in vain

• वदेत् (vadet) - one should speak, one should say

• च (ca) - and, also

• न (na) - not, no

• पैशुनम् (paiśunam) - slander, backbiting, treachery

• जनवादम् (janavādam) - gossip, public rumor, popular talk

• च (ca) - and, also

• कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - one should do, one should make

• सत्यव्रतः (satyavrataḥ) - committed to truth (satyavrata) (committed to truth, truthful in vows/deeds)

• मितभाषः (mitabhāṣaḥ) - moderate in speech, speaking little

• अप्रमत्तः (apramattaḥ) - attentive, vigilant, not careless

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

• अस्य (asya) - his, of him, of this

• वाग्द्वारम् (vāgdvāram) - door of speech (door of speech, mouth)

• अथो (atho) - and then, further, moreover

• सुगुप्तम् (suguptam) - well-protected, well-guarded

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

आक्रोशम् (ākrośam) - abuse (abuse, insult, loud cry)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ākrośa

ākrośa - abuse, insult, reproach, loud cry

From ā-√kruś (to cry out, abuse).

Prefix: ā

Root: kruś (class 1)

अर्चेत् (arcet) - one should invite/seek (one should seek, one should reach, one should go to)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of ṛch

Root: ṛch (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

मृषा (mṛṣā) - falsely, untruly, in vain

(indeclinable)

वदेत् (vadet) - one should speak, one should say

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of vad

Root: vad (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

पैशुनम् (paiśunam) - slander, backbiting, treachery

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of paiśuna

paiśuna - slander, backbiting, treachery, malice

Derived from piśuna (wicked, malicious person).

जनवादम् (janavādam) - gossip, public rumor, popular talk

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of janavāda

janavāda - gossip, public rumor, popular talk, defamation

Compound of jana (people) and vāda (talk, speaking).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jana+vāda)

• jana – person, people, creature
  noun (masculine)
  From root √jan (to be born, produce).
  Root: jan (class 4)
• vāda – speaking, talk, discussion, opinion
  noun (masculine)
  From root √vad (to speak).
  Root: vad (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - one should do, one should make

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

सत्यव्रतः (satyavrataḥ) - committed to truth (satyavrata) (committed to truth, truthful in vows/deeds)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of satyavrata

satyavrata - committed to truth, having truth as one's vow/observance

Bahuvrīhi compound of satya (truth) and vrata (vow).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (satya+vrata)

• satya – truth, true, real
  noun (neuter)
  From sat (being, existence).
  Root: as (class 2)
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious duty
  noun (neuter)

मितभाषः (mitabhāṣaḥ) - moderate in speech, speaking little

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mitabhāṣa

mitabhāṣa - speaking moderately, temperate in speech

Bahuvrīhi compound of mita (measured) and bhāṣa (speaking).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mita+bhāṣa)

• mita – measured, limited, moderate
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √mā (to measure).
  Root: mā (class 2)
• bhāṣa – speech, speaking
  noun (masculine)
  From root √bhāṣ (to speak).
  Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

अप्रमत्तः (apramattaḥ) - attentive, vigilant, not careless

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of apramatta

apramatta - attentive, vigilant, careful, not careless

Nañ-tatpuruṣa compound of 'a' (negation) and pramatta (careless).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+pramatta)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• pramatta – careless, negligent, intoxicated
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From pra-√mad (to be careless, intoxicated).
  Prefix: pra
  Root: mad (class 4)

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

(indeclinable)

अस्य (asya) - his, of him, of this

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

वाग्द्वारम् (vāgdvāram) - door of speech (door of speech, mouth)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vāgdvāra

vāgdvāra - door of speech, mouth

Compound of vāc (speech) and dvāra (door).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vāc+dvāra)

• vāc – speech, voice, word
  noun (feminine)
  Root: vac (class 2)
• dvāra – door, gate, entrance
  noun (neuter)

अथो (atho) - and then, further, moreover

(indeclinable)

सुगुप्तम् (suguptam) - well-protected, well-guarded

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sugupta

sugupta - well-protected, well-guarded, well-concealed

Compound of su (well) and gupta (protected).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (su+gupta)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating 'good' or 'well'.
• gupta – protected, guarded, hidden
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √gup (to protect, hide).
  Root: gup (class 1)