महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-261, verse-10

अश्रद्दधानैरप्राज्ञैः सूक्ष्मदर्शनवर्जितैः ।
निराशैरलसैः श्रान्तैस्तप्यमानैः स्वकर्मभिः ।
श्रमस्योपरमो दृष्टः प्रव्रज्या नाम पण्डितैः ॥१०॥

10. aśraddadhānairaprājñaiḥ sūkṣmadarśanavarjitaiḥ ,
nirāśairalasaiḥ śrāntaistapyamānaiḥ svakarmabhiḥ ,
śramasyoparamo dṛṣṭaḥ pravrajyā nāma paṇḍitaiḥ.

10. aśraddadhānaiḥ aprājñaiḥ sūkṣmadarśanavarjitaiḥ
nirāśaiḥ alasaiḥ śrāntaiḥ
tapyamānaiḥ svakarmabhiḥ śramasya
uparamaḥ dṛṣṭaḥ pravrajyā nāma paṇḍitaiḥ

10. aśraddadhānaiḥ aprājñaiḥ sūkṣmadarśanavarjitaiḥ
nirāśaiḥ alasaiḥ śrāntaiḥ
svakarmabhiḥ tapyamānaiḥ [janaiḥ] śramasya
uparamaḥ pravrajyā nāma paṇḍitaiḥ dṛṣṭaḥ

10. For those who are afflicted by the consequences of their own actions (karma), who are devoid of faith (śraddhā), wisdom, and subtle insight, who are hopeless, lazy, and exhausted, renunciation (pravrajyā) is considered by the wise to be the cessation of their suffering.

Words meanings summery:

• अश्रद्दधानैः (aśraddadhānaiḥ) - by those lacking faith, by the faithless

• अप्राज्ञैः (aprājñaiḥ) - by the unwise, by the ignorant

• सूक्ष्मदर्शनवर्जितैः (sūkṣmadarśanavarjitaiḥ) - by those devoid of subtle perception/insight

• निराशैः (nirāśaiḥ) - by the hopeless, by the despondent

• अलसैः (alasaiḥ) - by the lazy, by the indolent

• श्रान्तैः (śrāntaiḥ) - by the weary, by the exhausted

• तप्यमानैः (tapyamānaiḥ) - by those who are being tormented, suffering

• स्वकर्मभिः (svakarmabhiḥ) - by their own actions/karma

• श्रमस्य (śramasya) - of toil, of exertion, of suffering

• उपरमः (uparamaḥ) - cessation, termination, rest, death

• दृष्टः (dṛṣṭaḥ) - is seen (implying 'is considered') (seen, observed, understood)

• प्रव्रज्या (pravrajyā) - renunciation, wandering, monastic life, asceticism

• नाम (nāma) - indeed, by name (by name, indeed, certainly, as it were)

• पण्डितैः (paṇḍitaiḥ) - by the wise, by scholars

Words meanings and morphology

अश्रद्दधानैः (aśraddadhānaiḥ) - by those lacking faith, by the faithless

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of aśraddadhāna

aśraddadhāna - lacking faith, unbelieving, distrustful

Present Active Participle

Formed from śrad-dhā (to place faith) with negative prefix a-.

Compound type : nañ-bahuvrīhi (a+śraddhā+dhāna)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• śraddhā – faith, trust, confidence, belief
  noun (feminine)
• dhāna – placing, holding, granting
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  From root dhā (to place, hold)
  Root: dhā (class 3)

अप्राज्ञैः (aprājñaiḥ) - by the unwise, by the ignorant

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of aprājña

aprājña - unwise, ignorant, foolish

From a- (negative) + prājña (wise).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+prājña)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• prājña – wise, discerning, intelligent, knowing
  adjective (masculine)
  From pra-jñā (to know well)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: jñā (class 9)

सूक्ष्मदर्शनवर्जितैः (sūkṣmadarśanavarjitaiḥ) - by those devoid of subtle perception/insight

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sūkṣmadarśanavarjita

sūkṣmadarśanavarjita - deprived of subtle vision, lacking subtle insight

Compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sūkṣma+darśana+varjita)

• sūkṣma – subtle, fine, minute, delicate
  adjective (neuter)
• darśana – seeing, vision, perception, insight, philosophy
  noun (neuter)
  Verbal noun
  From root dṛś (to see)
  Root: dṛś (class 1)
• varjita – deprived of, devoid of, avoided, excluded
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root vṛj (to avoid, abandon)
  Root: vṛj (class 1)

Note: Refers to persons.

निराशैः (nirāśaiḥ) - by the hopeless, by the despondent

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of nirāśa

nirāśa - hopeless, despondent, despairing

From nis- (without) + āśā (hope).

Compound type : prādi-tatpuruṣa (nis+āśā)

• nis – out, forth, away, without
  indeclinable
  Prefix/Preposition
• āśā – hope, expectation, desire
  noun (feminine)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: aś (class 5)

अलसैः (alasaiḥ) - by the lazy, by the indolent

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of alasa

alasa - lazy, indolent, sluggish, idle

श्रान्तैः (śrāntaiḥ) - by the weary, by the exhausted

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śrānta

śrānta - wearied, exhausted, tired, rested

Past Passive Participle

From root śram (to be weary, exert oneself).

Root: śram (class 1)

तप्यमानैः (tapyamānaiḥ) - by those who are being tormented, suffering

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tapyamāna

tapyamāna - being heated, being tormented, suffering, performing austerities

Present Passive Participle (ātmanepada)

From root tap (to heat, suffer, perform austerities).

Root: tap (class 1)

स्वकर्मभिः (svakarmabhiḥ) - by their own actions/karma

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of svakarma

svakarma - one's own action, one's duty, one's destiny (determined by past actions)

Compound.

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (sva+karma)

• sva – one's own, self, own property
  pronoun (neuter)
• karma – action, deed, work, ritual, consequence of action
  noun (neuter)
  From root kṛ (to do, make)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Instrumental case often implies the cause or agent of suffering.

श्रमस्य (śramasya) - of toil, of exertion, of suffering

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of śrama

śrama - toil, exertion, labor, fatigue, distress

From root śram (to be weary, exert oneself).

Root: śram (class 1)

उपरमः (uparamaḥ) - cessation, termination, rest, death

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of uparama

uparama - cessation, stopping, rest, quiet, death

Verbal noun

From upa-ram (to stop, cease).

Prefix: upa

Root: ram (class 1)

दृष्टः (dṛṣṭaḥ) - is seen (implying 'is considered') (seen, observed, understood)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dṛṣṭa

dṛṣṭa - seen, perceived, observed, visible, understood

Past Passive Participle

From root dṛś (to see).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `uparamaḥ`.

प्रव्रज्या (pravrajyā) - renunciation, wandering, monastic life, asceticism

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of pravrajyā

pravrajyā - going forth, wandering, asceticism, monastic life, renunciation

Verbal noun

From pra-vraj (to go forth, wander).

Prefix: pra

Root: vraj (class 1)

नाम (nāma) - indeed, by name (by name, indeed, certainly, as it were)

(indeclinable)

Accusative singular of nāman (name), used adverbially.

पण्डितैः (paṇḍitaiḥ) - by the wise, by scholars

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of paṇḍita

paṇḍita - learned, wise, scholar, pundit, expert

Note: Agent of the action `dṛṣṭaḥ`.