महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-122, verse-49

देवेभ्यो ब्राह्मणा लोके जाग्रतीत्युपधारय ।
ब्राह्मणेभ्यश्च राजन्या लोकान्रक्षन्ति धर्मतः ।
स्थावरं जङ्गमं चैव क्षत्रियेभ्यः सनातनम् ॥४९॥

49. devebhyo brāhmaṇā loke jāgratītyupadhāraya ,
brāhmaṇebhyaśca rājanyā lokānrakṣanti dharmataḥ ,
sthāvaraṁ jaṅgamaṁ caiva kṣatriyebhyaḥ sanātanam.

49. devebhyaḥ brāhmaṇāḥ loke jāgrati iti
upadhāraya brāhmaṇebhyaḥ ca rājanyāḥ
lokān rakṣanti dharmataḥ sthāvaram
jaṅgamam ca eva kṣatriyebhyaḥ sanātanam

49. loke brāhmaṇāḥ devebhyaḥ jāgrati iti
upadhāraya ca rājanyāḥ brāhmaṇebhyaḥ
lokān dharmataḥ rakṣanti ca eva sthāvaram
jaṅgamam kṣatriyebhyaḥ sanātanam

49. Understand this: Brahmins are vigilant in the world for the sake of the gods. And the royalty (kṣatriyas) protect the people righteously (dharmataḥ) for the sake of the Brahmins. Indeed, the entire static and moving creation (sthāvaraṃ jaṅgamaṃ ca eva) is perpetually sustained by the kṣatriyas.

Words meanings summery:

• देवेभ्यः (devebhyaḥ) - for the sake of the gods (to/for the gods, from the gods)

• ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - Brahmins, members of the priestly class

• लोके (loke) - in the world, in the realm

• जाग्रति (jāgrati) - are vigilant (they are awake, they are vigilant)

• इति (iti) - indicates the preceding statement as a thought or understanding to be held (thus, so, in this way, indicating direct speech or thought)

• उपधारय (upadhāraya) - understand this (understand, consider, observe)

• ब्राह्मणेभ्यः (brāhmaṇebhyaḥ) - for the sake of the Brahmins (to/for the Brahmins, from the Brahmins)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• राजन्याः (rājanyāḥ) - the royalty (kṣatriyas) (kings, royalty, kṣatriyas)

• लोकान् (lokān) - the people (or worlds/realms) (worlds, people)

• रक्षन्ति (rakṣanti) - protect (they protect, they guard)

• धर्मतः (dharmataḥ) - righteously, according to (natural) law (dharma) (according to (natural) law (dharma), righteously, justly)

• स्थावरम् (sthāvaram) - static (creation/things) (fixed, immobile, static)

• जङ्गमम् (jaṅgamam) - moving (creation/things) (moving, mobile, animate)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, just, only, truly)

• क्षत्रियेभ्यः (kṣatriyebhyaḥ) - by the kṣatriyas (implying protection/sustenance) (to/for the kṣatriyas, from the kṣatriyas)

• सनातनम् (sanātanam) - perpetually (preserved/sustained) (eternal, perpetual, ancient)

Words meanings and morphology

देवेभ्यः (devebhyaḥ) - for the sake of the gods (to/for the gods, from the gods)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity, divine being

Root: div (class 4)

Note: Also ablative plural. Here dative for 'for the sake of'.

ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - Brahmins, members of the priestly class

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - Brahmin, member of the priestly class

From brahman (Veda/sacred utterance) + aṇ (patronymic/relation suffix)

लोके (loke) - in the world, in the realm

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, realm, people

Root: lok (class 10)

जाग्रति (jāgrati) - are vigilant (they are awake, they are vigilant)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of jāgṛ

Present Active Indicative

Root: jāgṛ (class 2)

इति (iti) - indicates the preceding statement as a thought or understanding to be held (thus, so, in this way, indicating direct speech or thought)

(indeclinable)

उपधारय (upadhāraya) - understand this (understand, consider, observe)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of upadhā

Imperative Active

root dhā with upasarga upa, in causative form (dhārayati) or 10th class equivalent

Prefix: upa

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: From upa + dhā, 10th class.

ब्राह्मणेभ्यः (brāhmaṇebhyaḥ) - for the sake of the Brahmins (to/for the Brahmins, from the Brahmins)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - Brahmin, member of the priestly class

Note: Also ablative plural. Here dative for 'for the sake of'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Postpositive conjunction.

राजन्याः (rājanyāḥ) - the royalty (kṣatriyas) (kings, royalty, kṣatriyas)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rājanya

rājanya - of royal family, king, a kṣatriya

From rājan (king) + ya (suffix meaning 'belonging to')

Note: Synonymous with Kṣatriya.

लोकान् (lokān) - the people (or worlds/realms) (worlds, people)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of loka

loka - world, realm, people

Root: lok (class 10)

रक्षन्ति (rakṣanti) - protect (they protect, they guard)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of rakṣ

Present Active Indicative

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

धर्मतः (dharmataḥ) - righteously, according to (natural) law (dharma) (according to (natural) law (dharma), righteously, justly)

(indeclinable)

From root dhṛ (to uphold, sustain) + man suffix

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Formed with the adverbial suffix -tas.

स्थावरम् (sthāvaram) - static (creation/things) (fixed, immobile, static)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sthāvara

sthāvara - immobile, stationary, fixed (like plants, mountains)

From root sthā (to stand) + vara suffix

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Used substantively as 'the static (part of creation)'.

जङ्गमम् (jaṅgamam) - moving (creation/things) (moving, mobile, animate)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jaṅgama

jaṅgama - moving, mobile, animate (like animals)

Reduplicated form of root gam (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Postpositive conjunction.

एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, just, only, truly)

(indeclinable)

क्षत्रियेभ्यः (kṣatriyebhyaḥ) - by the kṣatriyas (implying protection/sustenance) (to/for the kṣatriyas, from the kṣatriyas)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, plural of kṣatriya

kṣatriya - warrior, ruler, member of the Kṣatriya class

From kṣatra (rule, dominion) + iya suffix

Note: Also ablative plural. Here implies 'by' or 'through' in context of responsibility/sustenance.

सनातनम् (sanātanam) - perpetually (preserved/sustained) (eternal, perpetual, ancient)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sanātana

sanātana - eternal, perpetual, ancient, everlasting

From sana (always) + tana (suffix indicating time)

Note: Used here to qualify sthāvaram jaṅgamam, implying it is eternally so, or perpetually maintained.