महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-122, verse-40

विभज्य दण्डः कर्तव्यो धर्मेण न यदृच्छया ।
दुर्वाचा निग्रहो बन्धो हिरण्यं बाह्यतःक्रिया ॥४०॥

40. vibhajya daṇḍaḥ kartavyo dharmeṇa na yadṛcchayā ,
durvācā nigraho bandho hiraṇyaṁ bāhyataḥkriyā.

40. vibhajya daṇḍaḥ kartavyaḥ dharmeṇa na yadṛcchayā
durvācā nigrahaḥ bandhaḥ hiraṇyam bāhyataḥkriyā

40. vibhajya daṇḍaḥ kartavyaḥ dharmeṇa na yadṛcchayā
durvācā nigrahaḥ bandhaḥ hiraṇyam bāhyataḥkriyā

40. The application of justice (daṇḍa) should be carefully distinguished and administered in accordance with (natural) law (dharma), not arbitrarily. Reprimand by harsh words, physical restraint (e.g., imprisonment), and monetary penalties (hiraṇya) are the various external actions [of this justice].

Words meanings summery:

• विभज्य (vibhajya) - having analyzed or categorized [the types of justice/punishment] (having divided, having discriminated, having distinguished)

• दण्डः (daṇḍaḥ) - the rod of justice, or punishment itself (staff, rod, punishment, scepter (of justice))

• कर्तव्यः (kartavyaḥ) - the application of justice should be performed/applied (should be done, ought to be performed, to be applied)

• धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - according to constitutional principles (by (natural) law (dharma), according to (natural) law (dharma), righteously)

• न (na) - negation (not, no)

• यदृच्छया (yadṛcchayā) - not by whim or personal preference (arbitrarily, spontaneously, by chance, by one's own will)

• दुर्वाचा (durvācā) - a form of verbal punishment/reprimand (by harsh words, by abusive speech, by censure)

• निग्रहः (nigrahaḥ) - physical restraint or suppression as a form of punishment (restraint, suppression, control, punishment)

• बन्धः (bandhaḥ) - imprisonment as a form of punishment (binding, imprisonment, confinement)

• हिरण्यम् (hiraṇyam) - monetary fine or confiscation of property (gold, wealth, money, fine)

• बाह्यतःक्रिया (bāhyataḥkriyā) - external forms of punishment or judicial actions (external action, outward act)

Words meanings and morphology

विभज्य (vibhajya) - having analyzed or categorized [the types of justice/punishment] (having divided, having discriminated, having distinguished)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Root bhaj with prefix vi- and suffix -ya

Prefix: vi

Root: bhaj (class 1)

Note: Absolutive indicates a preceding action by the subject of the main clause (daṇḍaḥ kartavyaḥ).

दण्डः (daṇḍaḥ) - the rod of justice, or punishment itself (staff, rod, punishment, scepter (of justice))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daṇḍa

daṇḍa - stick, staff, rod, scepter, punishment, fine, power, authority

Root: daṇḍ (class 10)

कर्तव्यः (kartavyaḥ) - the application of justice should be performed/applied (should be done, ought to be performed, to be applied)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kartavya

kartavya - what should be done, duty, ought to be done

Gerundive (future passive participle)

From root kṛ (to do) with suffix -tavya

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with 'daṇḍaḥ' in gender, number, and case.

धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - according to constitutional principles (by (natural) law (dharma), according to (natural) law (dharma), righteously)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - (natural) law, righteousness, duty, constitution

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Indicates means or manner.

न (na) - negation (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the following adverbial phrase.

यदृच्छया (yadṛcchayā) - not by whim or personal preference (arbitrarily, spontaneously, by chance, by one's own will)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of yadṛcchā

yadṛcchā - spontaneity, self-will, arbitrariness, chance

Note: Indicates manner.

दुर्वाचा (durvācā) - a form of verbal punishment/reprimand (by harsh words, by abusive speech, by censure)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of durvāc

durvāc - harsh speech, abusive language

Compound noun

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dur+vāc)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill-
  prefix
• vāc – speech, word, voice
  noun (feminine)
  Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Indicates means or agency (punishment by means of harsh words).

निग्रहः (nigrahaḥ) - physical restraint or suppression as a form of punishment (restraint, suppression, control, punishment)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nigraha

nigraha - restraint, check, control, suppression, punishment

From root grah (to seize) with prefix ni-

Prefix: ni

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: It is one of the types of 'bāhyataḥkriyā'.

बन्धः (bandhaḥ) - imprisonment as a form of punishment (binding, imprisonment, confinement)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bandha

bandha - binding, tie, bond, imprisonment, confinement

From root bandh (to bind)

Root: bandh (class 9)

Note: Also a type of 'bāhyataḥkriyā'.

हिरण्यम् (hiraṇyam) - monetary fine or confiscation of property (gold, wealth, money, fine)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of hiraṇya

hiraṇya - gold, wealth, money, treasure

Note: Also a type of 'bāhyataḥkriyā'.

बाह्यतःक्रिया (bāhyataḥkriyā) - external forms of punishment or judicial actions (external action, outward act)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bāhyataḥkriyā

bāhyataḥkriyā - external action, outward act

Compound noun

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bāhyataḥ+kriyā)

• bāhyataḥ – from outside, externally, outwardly
  indeclinable
  Derived from bāhya (external) with suffix -tas
• kriyā – action, act, ritual, remedy
  noun (feminine)
  From root kṛ (to do)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: It is a collective term for the preceding list of punishments.