महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-122, verse-16

स गर्भं शिरसा देवो वर्षपूगानधारयत् ।
पूर्णे वर्षसहस्रे तु स गर्भः क्षुवतोऽपतत् ॥१६॥

16. sa garbhaṁ śirasā devo varṣapūgānadhārayat ,
pūrṇe varṣasahasre tu sa garbhaḥ kṣuvato'patat.

16. saḥ garbham śirasā devaḥ varṣapūgān adhārayat
pūrṇe varṣasahasre tu saḥ garbhaḥ kṣuvataḥ apatat

16. saḥ devaḥ garbham śirasā varṣapūgān adhārayat tu
pūrṇe varṣasahasre saḥ garbhaḥ kṣuvataḥ apatat

16. That deity (Brahmā) bore an embryo on his head for many years. But when a full thousand years had passed, that embryo fell down as he sneezed.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• गर्भम् (garbham) - embryo, fetus, womb

• शिरसा (śirasā) - with the head, by the head

• देवः (devaḥ) - god, deity

• वर्षपूगान् (varṣapūgān) - for a multitude of years, for many years

• अधारयत् (adhārayat) - he bore, he held, he sustained

• पूर्णे (pūrṇe) - full, complete

• वर्षसहस्रे (varṣasahasre) - in a thousand years

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• सः (saḥ) - that, he

• गर्भः (garbhaḥ) - embryo, fetus

• क्षुवतः (kṣuvataḥ) - from sneezing, of the one sneezing, while sneezing

• अपतत् (apatat) - fell down, dropped

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

गर्भम् (garbham) - embryo, fetus, womb

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of garbha

garbha - embryo, fetus, womb, interior

शिरसा (śirasā) - with the head, by the head

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head

देवः (devaḥ) - god, deity

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of deva

deva - god, deity, divine being

वर्षपूगान् (varṣapūgān) - for a multitude of years, for many years

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of varṣapūga

varṣapūga - multitude of years

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (varṣa+pūga)

• varṣa – year, rain
  noun (neuter)
• pūga – multitude, heap, mass
  noun (masculine)

Note: Accusative case indicates duration of time

अधारयत् (adhārayat) - he bore, he held, he sustained

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of dhṛ

Prefix: ā

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

पूर्णे (pūrṇe) - full, complete

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of pūrṇa

pūrṇa - full, complete, filled

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root pṛ (to fill)

Root: pṛ (class 3)

Note: Agrees with varṣasahasre in gender, number, and case.

वर्षसहस्रे (varṣasahasre) - in a thousand years

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of varṣasahasra

varṣasahasra - a thousand years

Compound type : karmadhāraya (varṣa+sahasra)

• varṣa – year, rain
  noun (neuter)
• sahasra – thousand
  noun (neuter)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

सः (saḥ) - that, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

गर्भः (garbhaḥ) - embryo, fetus

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of garbha

garbha - embryo, fetus, womb, interior

क्षुवतः (kṣuvataḥ) - from sneezing, of the one sneezing, while sneezing

(adjective)

Ablative, masculine, singular of kṣuvat

kṣuvat - sneezing, one who is sneezing

Present Active Participle

Derived from root kṣu (to sneeze)

Root: kṣu (class 2)

Note: Can be ablative (from sneezing) or genitive (of the one sneezing); ablative fits 'fell from sneezing' better.

अपतत् (apatat) - fell down, dropped

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of pat

Prefix: apa

Root: pat (class 1)