महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-122, verse-12

तदहं श्रोतुमिच्छामि दण्ड उत्पद्यते कथम् ।
किं वापि पूर्वं जागर्ति किं वा परममुच्यते ॥१२॥

12. tadahaṁ śrotumicchāmi daṇḍa utpadyate katham ,
kiṁ vāpi pūrvaṁ jāgarti kiṁ vā paramamucyate.

12. tat aham śrotum icchāmi daṇḍaḥ utpadyate katham
kim vā api pūrvam jāgarti kim vā paramam ucyate

12. tat aham śrotum icchāmi daṇḍaḥ katham utpadyate
kim vā pūrvam jāgarti kim vā paramam ucyate

12. Therefore, I wish to hear how authority (daṇḍa) originates. What is it that is primordial, or what is declared to be the ultimate (principle)?

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - therefore

• अहम् (aham) - I

• श्रोतुम् (śrotum) - to hear

• इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I wish, I desire

• दण्डः (daṇḍaḥ) - authority, punishment, staff

• उत्पद्यते (utpadyate) - arises, is produced, originates

• कथम् (katham) - how?

• किम् (kim) - what?, which?

• वा (vā) - or

• अपि (api) - also, even, indeed

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - first, previously, primordial

• जागर्ति (jāgarti) - awakens, is awake, remains vigilant

• किम् (kim) - what?, which?

• वा (vā) - or

• परमम् (paramam) - supreme, highest, ultimate

• उच्यते (ucyate) - is said, is called, is declared

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - therefore

(indeclinable)

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

श्रोतुम् (śrotum) - to hear

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

infinitive in -tum

Root: śru (class 5)

इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I wish, I desire

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of iṣ

Root: iṣ (class 6)

दण्डः (daṇḍaḥ) - authority, punishment, staff

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daṇḍa

daṇḍa - staff, rod, punishment, authority, fine

उत्पद्यते (utpadyate) - arises, is produced, originates

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of utpad

Prefix: ut

Root: pad (class 4)

कथम् (katham) - how?

(indeclinable)

किम् (kim) - what?, which?

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what?, who?, which?

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even, indeed

(indeclinable)

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - first, previously, primordial

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pūrva

pūrva - former, prior, eastern, primary

जागर्ति (jāgarti) - awakens, is awake, remains vigilant

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of jāgṛ

Root: jāgṛ (class 2)

किम् (kim) - what?, which?

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what?, who?, which?

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

परमम् (paramam) - supreme, highest, ultimate

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of parama

parama - highest, supreme, ultimate, excellent

उच्यते (ucyate) - is said, is called, is declared

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)