महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-122, verse-38

भृगुर्ददावृषिभ्यस्तु तं दण्डं धर्मसंहितम् ।
ऋषयो लोकपालेभ्यो लोकपालाः क्षुपाय च ॥३८॥

38. bhṛgurdadāvṛṣibhyastu taṁ daṇḍaṁ dharmasaṁhitam ,
ṛṣayo lokapālebhyo lokapālāḥ kṣupāya ca.

38. bhṛguḥ dadau ṛṣibhyaḥ tu tam daṇḍam dharmasaṃhitam
ṛṣayaḥ lokapālebhyo lokapālāḥ kṣupāya ca

38. bhṛguḥ dadau ṛṣibhyaḥ tu tam daṇḍam dharmasaṃhitam
ṛṣayaḥ lokapālebhyo lokapālāḥ kṣupāya ca

38. Bhrigu, in turn, gave that rod (daṇḍa), which embodies (natural) law (dharma), to the sages. The sages then gave it to the guardians of the world, and the guardians of the world [gave it] to Kshupa.

Words meanings summery:

• भृगुः (bhṛguḥ) - Bhrigu

• ददौ (dadau) - gave, bestowed

• ऋषिभ्यः (ṛṣibhyaḥ) - to the sages

• तु (tu) - here implies continuation or 'in turn' (but, on the other hand, indeed, and)

• तम् (tam) - referring to the 'daṇḍa' (rod/staff of justice) (that (masculine accusative singular))

• दण्डम् (daṇḍam) - the rod of justice, symbol of authority (staff, rod, punishment, scepter (of justice))

• धर्मसंहितम् (dharmasaṁhitam) - imbued with the essence of (natural) law (dharma) (joined with (natural) law (dharma), containing (natural) law, relating to (natural) law)

• ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - the sages

• लोकपालेभ्यो (lokapālebhyo) - to the guardians of the world

• लोकपालाः (lokapālāḥ) - the guardians of the world

• क्षुपाय (kṣupāya) - to Kshupa

• च (ca) - and

Words meanings and morphology

भृगुः (bhṛguḥ) - Bhrigu

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhṛgu

bhṛgu - Bhrigu (name of a sage, one of the Prajapatis)

ददौ (dadau) - gave, bestowed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of dā

Perfect, 3rd person singular

Reduplicated perfect form

Root: dā (class 3)

ऋषिभ्यः (ṛṣibhyaḥ) - to the sages

(noun)

Dative, masculine, plural of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - sage, seer

Note: The form -bhyaḥ is used for dative and ablative plural. Context indicates dative.

तु (tu) - here implies continuation or 'in turn' (but, on the other hand, indeed, and)

(indeclinable)

तम् (tam) - referring to the 'daṇḍa' (rod/staff of justice) (that (masculine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

Note: Masculine form of the demonstrative pronoun tad.

दण्डम् (daṇḍam) - the rod of justice, symbol of authority (staff, rod, punishment, scepter (of justice))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of daṇḍa

daṇḍa - stick, staff, rod, scepter, punishment, fine, power, authority

Root: daṇḍ (class 10)

धर्मसंहितम् (dharmasaṁhitam) - imbued with the essence of (natural) law (dharma) (joined with (natural) law (dharma), containing (natural) law, relating to (natural) law)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharmasaṃhita

dharmasaṁhita - connected with (natural) law (dharma), righteous

Compound noun acting as adjective

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+saṃhita)

• dharma – (natural) law, righteousness, duty, constitution
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• saṃhita – joined, connected, united, composed, consistent
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root dhā (to place) with prefix sam-
  Prefix: sam
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'daṇḍam' in gender, number, and case.

ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - the sages

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - sage, seer

लोकपालेभ्यो (lokapālebhyo) - to the guardians of the world

(noun)

Dative, masculine, plural of lokapāla

lokapāla - guardian of the world, regent of a quarter

Compound noun

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (loka+pāla)

• loka – world, people, universe
  noun (masculine)
  Root: lok (class 1)
• pāla – guardian, protector, keeper
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun from root pā (to protect)
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: The form -bhyaḥ with sandhi turns into -bhyo before a soft consonant.

लोकपालाः (lokapālāḥ) - the guardians of the world

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of lokapāla

lokapāla - guardian of the world, regent of a quarter

Compound noun

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (loka+pāla)

• loka – world, people, universe
  noun (masculine)
  Root: lok (class 1)
• pāla – guardian, protector, keeper
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun from root pā (to protect)
  Root: pā (class 2)

क्षुपाय (kṣupāya) - to Kshupa

(proper noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of kṣupa

kṣupa - Kshupa (name of a king or Rishi)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)