महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-11, chapter-25, verse-1

गान्धार्युवाच ।
काम्बोजं पश्य दुर्धर्षं काम्बोजास्तरणोचितम् ।
शयानमृषभस्कन्धं हतं पांसुशु माधव ॥१॥

1. gāndhāryuvāca ,
kāmbojaṁ paśya durdharṣaṁ kāmbojāstaraṇocitam ,
śayānamṛṣabhaskandhaṁ hataṁ pāṁsuśu mādhava.

1. gāndhārī uvāca kāmbojam paśya durdharṣam kāmboja āstaraṇa
ucitam śayānam ṛṣabhaskandham hatam pāṃsuśu mādhava

1. mādhava gāndhārī uvāca durdharṣam kāmboja āstaraṇa ucitam
ṛṣabhaskandham hatam pāṃsuśu śayānam kāmbojam paśya

1. Gāndhārī said: O Mādhava, behold the irresistible Kāmboja king, accustomed to Kāmboja coverings, with bull-like shoulders, lying slain in the dust.

Words meanings summery:

• गान्धारी (gāndhārī) - Gāndhārī (name of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's wife)

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

• काम्बोजम् (kāmbojam) - Referring to the king of the Kāmbojas. (the Kāmboja (king/person))

• पश्य (paśya) - see! behold! look!

• दुर्धर्षम् (durdharṣam) - irresistible, formidable, unconquerable, difficult to assail

• काम्बोज (kāmboja) - Kāmboja (related to the Kāmboja kingdom or people)

• आस्तरण (āstaraṇa) - covering, carpet, mattress, bedsheet

• उचितम् (ucitam) - accustomed to, fit, proper, suitable

• शयानम् (śayānam) - lying down, sleeping, prostrate

• ऋषभस्कन्धम् (ṛṣabhaskandham) - having bull-like shoulders, broad-shouldered

• हतम् (hatam) - killed, slain, destroyed

• पांसुशु (pāṁsuśu) - in the dust, on the dusty ground

• माधव (mādhava) - O Mādhava (an epithet of Kṛṣṇa or Viṣṇu)

Words meanings and morphology

गान्धारी (gāndhārī) - Gāndhārī (name of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's wife)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of gāndhārī

gāndhārī - Gāndhārī (queen of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, mother of the Kauravas)

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of uvāca

Perfect Tense

Root 'vac' (to speak), perfect 3rd person singular active.

Root: vac (class 2)

काम्बोजम् (kāmbojam) - Referring to the king of the Kāmbojas. (the Kāmboja (king/person))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāmboja

kāmboja - a native or king of Kamboja (an ancient kingdom)

पश्य (paśya) - see! behold! look!

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of dṛś

Imperative Mood

Root 'dṛś' (to see), present stem 'paśya', imperative 2nd person singular active.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

दुर्धर्षम् (durdharṣam) - irresistible, formidable, unconquerable, difficult to assail

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of durdharṣa

durdharṣa - irresistible, formidable, unconquerable, difficult to assail

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

Derived from prefix 'dur' and root 'dhṛṣ' (to dare, attack). Means 'difficult to be dared/assailed'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dur+dharṣa)

• dur – bad, evil, difficult
  indeclinable
• dharṣa – daring, bold, assailing
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root √dhṛṣ (to dare, attack).
  Root: dhṛṣ (class 5)

काम्बोज (kāmboja) - Kāmboja (related to the Kāmboja kingdom or people)

(proper noun)

masculine, singular of kāmboja

kāmboja - a native or king of Kamboja (an ancient kingdom); also referring to things from Kamboja, e.g., fabrics

Note: Used as the first part of a compound adjective 'kāmboja-āstaraṇa-ucitam'.

आस्तरण (āstaraṇa) - covering, carpet, mattress, bedsheet

(noun)

neuter, singular of āstaraṇa

āstaraṇa - covering, carpet, mattress, bedsheet

Derived from ā-√stṛ (to spread over).

Prefix: ā

Root: stṛ (class 5)

Note: Used as the middle part of a compound adjective 'kāmboja-āstaraṇa-ucitam'.

उचितम् (ucitam) - accustomed to, fit, proper, suitable

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ucita

ucita - accustomed to, fit, proper, suitable

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √uc (to be suitable, fit).

Root: uc (class 1)

Note: Forms part of the compound `kāmbojāstaraṇocitam`.

शयानम् (śayānam) - lying down, sleeping, prostrate

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śayāna

śayāna - lying down, sleeping, prostrate

Present Active Participle (Ātmanepada)

Derived from root √śī (to lie down, sleep).

Root: śī (class 2)

ऋषभस्कन्धम् (ṛṣabhaskandham) - having bull-like shoulders, broad-shouldered

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ṛṣabhaskandha

ṛṣabhaskandha - having shoulders like a bull

Compound type : bahuvrihi (ṛṣabha+skandha)

• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, best
  noun (masculine)
• skandha – shoulder, trunk (of a tree), mass
  noun (masculine)

हतम् (hatam) - killed, slain, destroyed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, slain, destroyed, smitten

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √han (to strike, kill).

Root: han (class 2)

पांसुशु (pāṁsuśu) - in the dust, on the dusty ground

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of pāṃsu

pāṁsu - dust, sand

माधव (mādhava) - O Mādhava (an epithet of Kṛṣṇa or Viṣṇu)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mādhava

mādhava - descendant of Madhu; husband of Lakṣmī; an epithet of Kṛṣṇa or Viṣṇu