महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-122, verse-9

नाश्रोत्रियः श्रोत्रियस्य नारथी रथिनः सखा ।
नाराज्ञा संगतं राज्ञः सखिपूर्वं किमिष्यते ॥९॥

9. nāśrotriyaḥ śrotriyasya nārathī rathinaḥ sakhā ,
nārājñā saṁgataṁ rājñaḥ sakhipūrvaṁ kimiṣyate.

9. na aśrotriyaḥ śrotriyasya na arathī rathinaḥ sakhā
na arājñā saṅgatam rājñaḥ sakhipūrvam kim iṣyate

9. One who is not a Vedic scholar cannot be a friend to a Vedic scholar. One who lacks a chariot cannot be a friend to a charioteer. How, then, can a non-king expect to form a friendship (sakhipūrvam) with a king? Such a relationship is not to be sought.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• अश्रोत्रियः (aśrotriyaḥ) - one who has not studied the Vedas, a non-Vedic scholar

• श्रोत्रियस्य (śrotriyasya) - of a Vedic scholar, of one learned in the Vedas

• न (na) - not, no

• अरथी (arathī) - one without a chariot

• रथिनः (rathinaḥ) - of a charioteer, of one having a chariot

• सखा (sakhā) - friend, companion

• न (na) - not, no

• अराज्ञा (arājñā) - by one who is not a king, by a non-king

• सङ्गतम् (saṅgatam) - association, companionship, union

• राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of a king

• सखिपूर्वम् (sakhipūrvam) - preceded by friendship, friendship first, a friendly relationship

• किम् (kim) - what? how? why?

• इष्यते (iṣyate) - is desired, is sought

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अश्रोत्रियः (aśrotriyaḥ) - one who has not studied the Vedas, a non-Vedic scholar

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aśrotriya

aśrotriya - one who has not studied the Vedas, a non-Vedic scholar

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+śrotriya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  negation prefix
• śrotriya – one learned in the Vedas, a Vedic scholar
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: śru (class 5)

श्रोत्रियस्य (śrotriyasya) - of a Vedic scholar, of one learned in the Vedas

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of śrotriya

śrotriya - one learned in the Vedas, a Vedic scholar

Root: śru (class 5)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अरथी (arathī) - one without a chariot

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arathin

arathin - one without a chariot

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+rathin)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  negation prefix
• rathin – charioteer, one who has a chariot
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rath

रथिनः (rathinaḥ) - of a charioteer, of one having a chariot

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rathin

rathin - charioteer, one who has a chariot

Root: rath

सखा (sakhā) - friend, companion

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sakhi

sakhi - friend, companion

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अराज्ञा (arājñā) - by one who is not a king, by a non-king

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of arājan

arājan - not a king

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+rājan)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  negation prefix
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

सङ्गतम् (saṅgatam) - association, companionship, union

(noun)

neuter, singular of saṅgata

saṅgata - association, companionship, united, met

Past Passive Participle

from saṃ + gam + kta

Prefix: sam

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Could be nominative or accusative, context implies nominative subject.

राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of a king

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

सखिपूर्वम् (sakhipūrvam) - preceded by friendship, friendship first, a friendly relationship

(adjective)

neuter, singular of sakhipūrva

sakhipūrva - preceded by friendship, having friendship as its first part

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sakhi+pūrva)

• sakhi – friend, companion
  noun (masculine)
• pūrva – prior, former, first
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Adverbial usage possible, modifying 'iṣyate', or predicative adjective for 'saṅgatam'.

किम् (kim) - what? how? why?

(indeclinable)

interrogative pronoun

Note: Although a pronoun, its usage here is adverbial 'how/why'.

इष्यते (iṣyate) - is desired, is sought

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of iṣ

Root: iṣ (class 4)

Note: The passive form of the root iṣ (to desire).