महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-122, verse-44

ततोऽर्जुनं मूर्ध्नि तदा समाघ्राय पुनः पुनः ।
प्रीतिपूर्वं परिष्वज्य प्ररुरोद मुदा तदा ॥४४॥

44. tato'rjunaṁ mūrdhni tadā samāghrāya punaḥ punaḥ ,
prītipūrvaṁ pariṣvajya praruroda mudā tadā.

44. tataḥ arjunam mūrdhni tadā samāghrāya punaḥ
punaḥ prītipūrvam pariṣvajya praruroda mudā tadā

44. Then, kissing Arjuna on the head again and again, and embracing him with affection, he cried aloud with joy at that moment.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, from that, thereupon)

• अर्जुनम् (arjunam) - Arjuna, son of Pāṇḍu and Kuntī (Arjuna (name of a hero), the white one, the bright one)

• मूर्ध्नि (mūrdhni) - on the head (on the head, in the head, on the top)

• तदा (tadā) - at that moment (then, at that time)

• समाघ्राय (samāghrāya) - having kissed (on the head) (having smelt, having kissed)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, repeatedly, moreover)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, repeatedly, moreover)

• प्रीतिपूर्वम् (prītipūrvam) - with affection (preceded by love, with affection, lovingly)

• परिष्वज्य (pariṣvajya) - having embraced (having embraced, having clasped)

• प्ररुरोद (praruroda) - he cried aloud (he cried aloud, he wailed)

• मुदा (mudā) - with joy (with joy, happily)

• तदा (tadā) - at that moment (then, at that time)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, from that, thereupon)

(indeclinable)

From the pronoun 'tad' (that) with the suffix '-tas' indicating 'from that' or 'then'.

अर्जुनम् (arjunam) - Arjuna, son of Pāṇḍu and Kuntī (Arjuna (name of a hero), the white one, the bright one)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (name of a hero), white, bright, silver

मूर्ध्नि (mūrdhni) - on the head (on the head, in the head, on the top)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mūrdhan

mūrdhan - head, top, peak

तदा (tadā) - at that moment (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

From the pronoun 'tad' (that) with the suffix '-dā' indicating 'at that time'.

समाघ्राय (samāghrāya) - having kissed (on the head) (having smelt, having kissed)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root 'ghrā' with upasarga 'sam-ā' and suffix '-ya' for absolutive.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: ghrā (class 1)

Note: This is an absolutive (gerund), indicating an action completed before the main verb.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, repeatedly, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Note: Part of a repetition "punaḥ punaḥ" meaning "again and again".

पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, repeatedly, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Note: Part of a repetition "punaḥ punaḥ" meaning "again and again".

प्रीतिपूर्वम् (prītipūrvam) - with affection (preceded by love, with affection, lovingly)

(indeclinable)

Compound of 'prīti' (love/affection) and 'pūrva' (preceded by, former).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prīti+pūrva)

• prīti – love, affection, joy, pleasure
  noun (feminine)
  Root: prī (class 9)
• pūrva – preceded by, former, prior, eastern
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Used adverbially.

परिष्वज्य (pariṣvajya) - having embraced (having embraced, having clasped)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root 'svaj' with upasarga 'pari-' and suffix '-ya' for absolutive. 'ṣ' due to sandhi with 'pari'.

Prefix: pari

Root: svaj (class 1)

Note: This is an absolutive (gerund), indicating an action completed before the main verb.

प्ररुरोद (praruroda) - he cried aloud (he cried aloud, he wailed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of prarud

perfect (liṭ)

Perfect 3rd person singular active of root 'rud' with upasarga 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: rud (class 2)

मुदा (mudā) - with joy (with joy, happily)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of mud

mud - joy, delight, happiness

तदा (tadā) - at that moment (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

From the pronoun 'tad' (that) with the suffix '-dā' indicating 'at that time'.