महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-122, verse-14

अथ द्रोणः कुमारांस्तान्दृष्ट्वा कृत्यवतस्तदा ।
प्रहस्य मन्दं पैशल्यादभ्यभाषत वीर्यवान् ॥१४॥

14. atha droṇaḥ kumārāṁstāndṛṣṭvā kṛtyavatastadā ,
prahasya mandaṁ paiśalyādabhyabhāṣata vīryavān.

14. atha droṇaḥ kumārān tān dṛṣṭvā kṛtyavataḥ tadā
prahasya mandaṃ paiśalyāt abhyabhāṣata vīryavān

14. Then, the powerful Drona, seeing those princes occupied with their task, laughed softly and, with a subtle cunning, addressed them.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then (then, now, moreover)

• द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Drona

• कुमारान् (kumārān) - princes, youths, boys

• तान् (tān) - those

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having perceived

• कृत्यवतः (kṛtyavataḥ) - occupied with the task (of one who has a duty; competent; effective; involved in a task)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• प्रहस्य (prahasya) - having laughed, after laughing

• मन्दं (mandaṁ) - softly (slowly, softly, gently, mildly)

• पैशल्यात् (paiśalyāt) - with subtle cunning (from cunning, from wickedness, from treachery, from subtlety)

• अभ्यभाषत (abhyabhāṣata) - he spoke to, he addressed

• वीर्यवान् (vīryavān) - the powerful Drona (powerful, valorous, heroic, energetic)

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then (then, now, moreover)

(indeclinable)

द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Drona

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Drona (name of the teacher of the Pāṇḍavas and Kauravas); a measure; a trough; a cloud

कुमारान् (kumārān) - princes, youths, boys

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of kumāra

kumāra - boy, youth, prince, son, Kārtikeya (god of war)

तान् (tān) - those

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having perceived

(indeclinable)

absolutive

gerundive from root dṛś (to see)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

कृत्यवतः (kṛtyavataḥ) - occupied with the task (of one who has a duty; competent; effective; involved in a task)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of kṛtyavat

kṛtyavat - having a duty, having a task, effective, competent

derived from kṛtya (gerundive of kṛ) + possessive suffix -vat

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: agrees with kumārān tān

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

प्रहस्य (prahasya) - having laughed, after laughing

(indeclinable)

absolutive

gerund from pra-√has (to laugh)

Prefix: pra

Root: has (class 1)

मन्दं (mandaṁ) - softly (slowly, softly, gently, mildly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially (accusative singular neuter form)

पैशल्यात् (paiśalyāt) - with subtle cunning (from cunning, from wickedness, from treachery, from subtlety)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of paiśalya

paiśalya - cunning, treachery, wickedness, maliciousness, subtlety

abstract noun from piśuna (wicked, malicious)

अभ्यभाषत (abhyabhāṣata) - he spoke to, he addressed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of abhī-√bhāṣ

imperfect

aorist form (or augmented imperfect with abhi), 3rd person singular, middle voice

Prefix: abhi

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

वीर्यवान् (vīryavān) - the powerful Drona (powerful, valorous, heroic, energetic)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vīryavat

vīryavat - powerful, valorous, strong, energetic, heroic

derived from vīrya (valor, power) + possessive suffix -vat

Note: agrees with Droṇaḥ