महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-122, verse-47

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सूतपुत्रश्च राधेयो गुरुं द्रोणमियात्तदा ।
स्पर्धमानस्तु पार्थेन सूतपुत्रोऽत्यमर्षणः ।
दुर्योधनमुपाश्रित्य पाण्डवानत्यमन्यत ॥४७॥

47. sūtaputraśca rādheyo guruṁ droṇamiyāttadā ,
spardhamānastu pārthena sūtaputro'tyamarṣaṇaḥ ,
duryodhanamupāśritya pāṇḍavānatyamanyata.

47. sūtaputraḥ ca rādheyaḥ gurum droṇam
iyāt tadā spardhamānaḥ tu pārthena
sūtaputraḥ atyamarṣaṇaḥ duryodhanam
upāśritya pāṇḍavān atyamanyata

47. And Sūtaputra (Karṇa), son of Rādhā, then came to his teacher (guru) Droṇa. However, that Sūtaputra, being intensely resentful and competing with Arjuna (Pārtha), took refuge with Duryodhana and greatly disdained the Pāṇḍavas.

Words meanings summery:

(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)

सूतपुत्रः (sūtaputraḥ) - Karṇa, known as the son of the charioteer (son of a charioteer, Karṇa)

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

राधेयः (rādheyaḥ) - Karṇa, son of Rādhā (son of Rādhā, Karṇa)

गुरुम् (gurum) - teacher (guru) (teacher, respected one, heavy one)

द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Droṇa, the teacher (Droṇa)

इयात् (iyāt) - he came, he approached (he should go, he might go, he would come)

तदा (tadā) - at that time (then, at that time)

स्पर्धमानः (spardhamānaḥ) - competing (competing, rivaling, emulating)

तु (tu) - however, but (but, on the other hand, indeed)

पार्थेन (pārthena) - with Arjuna (by Arjuna, by the son of Pṛthā)

सूतपुत्रः (sūtaputraḥ) - Karṇa, known as the son of the charioteer (son of a charioteer, Karṇa)

अत्यमर्षणः (atyamarṣaṇaḥ) - intensely resentful (very intolerant, extremely resentful)

दुर्योधनम् (duryodhanam) - Duryodhana (Duryodhana (name of the eldest Kaurava))

उपाश्रित्य (upāśritya) - having taken refuge with (or relied on) (having taken refuge in, having resorted to, having relied on)

पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - the Pāṇḍavas (the Pāṇḍavas, descendants of Pāṇḍu)

अत्यमन्यत (atyamanyata) - he greatly disdained (he greatly disdained, he slighted excessively)

Words meanings and morphology

सूतपुत्रः (sūtaputraḥ) - Karṇa, known as the son of the charioteer (son of a charioteer, Karṇa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sūtaputra

sūtaputra - son of a charioteer

Compound of 'sūta' (charioteer) and 'putra' (son).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (sūta+putra)

sūta – charioteer, bard, one born from a Kṣatriya father and Brāhmaṇa mother
noun (masculine)
putra – son, child
noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Karṇa.

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects Karṇa's arrival with the previous descriptions.

राधेयः (rādheyaḥ) - Karṇa, son of Rādhā (son of Rādhā, Karṇa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rādheya

rādheya - son of Rādhā (Karṇa)

Patronymic derived from 'Rādhā'.

Note: Another name for Karṇa.

गुरुम् (gurum) - teacher (guru) (teacher, respected one, heavy one)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of guru

guru - teacher, preceptor, respected one, heavy, important

Note: Object of 'iyāt'.

द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Droṇa, the teacher (Droṇa)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Droṇa (name of the teacher), bucket, a measure of grain

Note: Object of 'iyāt', in apposition to 'gurum'.

इयात् (iyāt) - he came, he approached (he should go, he might go, he would come)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of i

optative (vidhi-liṅ)

Optative 3rd person singular active of root 'i'. Used here in a narrative past sense, implying 'he would naturally come'.

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Optative used in a descriptive past sense.

तदा (tadā) - at that time (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

From the pronoun 'tad' (that) with the suffix '-dā' indicating 'at that time'.

स्पर्धमानः (spardhamānaḥ) - competing (competing, rivaling, emulating)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of spardhamāna

spardh - to compete, to rival, to vie

present active participle (ātmanepada)

Present active participle (ātmanepada) from root 'spardh'.

Root: spardh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'sūtaputraḥ', describing his state while acting.

तु (tu) - however, but (but, on the other hand, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates a contrast or a new development.

पार्थेन (pārthena) - with Arjuna (by Arjuna, by the son of Pṛthā)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - Arjuna, son of Pṛthā (Kuntī)

Patronymic derived from 'Pṛthā'.

Note: Used with 'spardhamānaḥ' (competing *with*).

सूतपुत्रः (sūtaputraḥ) - Karṇa, known as the son of the charioteer (son of a charioteer, Karṇa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sūtaputra

sūtaputra - son of a charioteer

Compound of 'sūta' (charioteer) and 'putra' (son).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (sūta+putra)

sūta – charioteer, bard, one born from a Kṣatriya father and Brāhmaṇa mother
noun (masculine)
putra – son, child
noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of the second clause.

अत्यमर्षणः (atyamarṣaṇaḥ) - intensely resentful (very intolerant, extremely resentful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of atyamarṣaṇa

atyamarṣaṇa - very intolerant, extremely resentful, highly impatient

Compound of 'ati' (excessive) and 'amarṣaṇa' (intolerant, impatient, resentful).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ati+amarṣaṇa)

ati – over, beyond, excessively
indeclinable
amarṣaṇa – intolerant, impatient, resentful, indignant
adjective (masculine)
Prefix: a
Root: mṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'sūtaputraḥ'.

दुर्योधनम् (duryodhanam) - Duryodhana (Duryodhana (name of the eldest Kaurava))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (name of the eldest Kaurava), hard to conquer in battle

Note: Object of 'upāśritya'.

उपाश्रित्य (upāśritya) - having taken refuge with (or relied on) (having taken refuge in, having resorted to, having relied on)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root 'śri' with upasargas 'upa-ā' and suffix '-tya' for absolutive.

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: śri (class 1)