महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-122, verse-27

स मे तत्र सखा चासीदुपकारी प्रियश्च मे ।
तेनाहं सह संगम्य रतवान्सुचिरं बत ।
बाल्यात्प्रभृति कौरव्य सहाध्ययनमेव च ॥२७॥

27. sa me tatra sakhā cāsīdupakārī priyaśca me ,
tenāhaṁ saha saṁgamya ratavānsuciraṁ bata ,
bālyātprabhṛti kauravya sahādhyayanameva ca.

27. saḥ me tatra sakhā ca āsīt upakārī
priyaḥ ca me tena aham saha saṅgamya
ratavān suciram bata bālyāt
prabhṛti kauravya sahādhyayanam eva ca

27. He was my friend there, helpful and dear to me. O Kauravya, I indeed enjoyed his company for a very long time, as we had studied together since childhood.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - Refers to Yajñasena. (He, that one)

• मे (me) - My friend. (My, to me)

• तत्र (tatra) - Refers to Agniveśya's āśrama. (There, in that place)

• सखा (sakhā) - Friend, companion

• च (ca) - And, also, moreover

• आसीत् (āsīt) - He was. (He/she/it was)

• उपकारी (upakārī) - Helpful, benefactor, supporter

• प्रियः (priyaḥ) - Dear, beloved, pleasing

• च (ca) - And, also, moreover

• मे (me) - Dear to me. (My, to me)

• तेन (tena) - Refers to Yajñasena. (By him, with him)

• अहम् (aham) - The speaker. (I)

• सह (saha) - With, together with

• सङ्गम्य (saṅgamya) - Having met, having associated, having come together

• रतवान् (ratavān) - I enjoyed his company. (Having enjoyed, having delighted, having pleased oneself)

• सुचिरम् (suciram) - For a very long time, for a long duration

• बत (bata) - Expresses emphasis, 'indeed' or 'certainly'. (Indeed, alas, oh!)

• बाल्यात् (bālyāt) - From childhood, from youth

• प्रभृति (prabhṛti) - From childhood onwards. (From, beginning from, since)

• कौरव्य (kauravya) - Addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra (or another Kuru prince). (O scion of Kuru, O descendant of Kuru)

• सहाध्ययनम् (sahādhyayanam) - Joint study, studying together

• एव (eva) - Emphasizes the joint study. (Indeed, truly, only, just)

• च (ca) - Connects 'joint study' with the previous statement implicitly. (And, also, moreover)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - Refers to Yajñasena. (He, that one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

मे (me) - My friend. (My, to me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me (first person pronoun)

Note: Enclitic form for genitive/dative singular.

तत्र (tatra) - Refers to Agniveśya's āśrama. (There, in that place)

(indeclinable)

Adverb formed from 'tad' (that).

सखा (sakhā) - Friend, companion

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sakhi

sakhi - friend, companion, comrade

च (ca) - And, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

आसीत् (āsīt) - He was. (He/she/it was)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of as

Root verb (as, 2nd class)

Root: as (class 2)

उपकारी (upakārī) - Helpful, benefactor, supporter

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upakārin

upakārin - beneficial, helpful, a benefactor, an assistant

Agent noun/adjective from √kṛ with upa

From √kṛ (to do) with prefix upa, forming an agent noun with suffix -in.

Prefix: upa

Root: kṛ (class 8)

प्रियः (priyaḥ) - Dear, beloved, pleasing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of priya

priya - dear, beloved, pleasing, agreeable

च (ca) - And, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

मे (me) - Dear to me. (My, to me)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me (first person pronoun)

Note: Enclitic form for genitive/dative singular. Here, 'dear to me'.

तेन (tena) - Refers to Yajñasena. (By him, with him)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Used with 'saha' (together).

अहम् (aham) - The speaker. (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me (first person pronoun)

सह (saha) - With, together with

(indeclinable)

सङ्गम्य (saṅgamya) - Having met, having associated, having come together

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From √gam (to go) with prefix sam, and suffix -ya (after prefix).

Prefix: sam

Root: gam (class 1)

रतवान् (ratavān) - I enjoyed his company. (Having enjoyed, having delighted, having pleased oneself)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ratavat

ratavat - having delighted, having enjoyed, having rejoiced

Past Active Participle

From √ram (to delight, enjoy), 1st class, with suffix -vat.

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Modifies the subject 'aham'.

सुचिरम् (suciram) - For a very long time, for a long duration

(indeclinable)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+cira)

• su – good, excellent, well, very
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating 'good' or 'very'.
• cira – long, lasting, enduring, for a long time
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Used as an adverb of time.

बत (bata) - Expresses emphasis, 'indeed' or 'certainly'. (Indeed, alas, oh!)

(indeclinable)

बाल्यात् (bālyāt) - From childhood, from youth

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of bālya

bālya - childhood, infancy, youth

From bāla (child) + suffix -ya (abstract noun).

Note: Indicates starting point in time.

प्रभृति (prabhṛti) - From childhood onwards. (From, beginning from, since)

(indeclinable)

Derived from √bhṛ (to bear) with prefix pra, used as a postposition.

Prefix: pra

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

Note: Used as a postposition with 'bālyāt'.

कौरव्य (kauravya) - Addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra (or another Kuru prince). (O scion of Kuru, O descendant of Kuru)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kauravya

kauravya - descendant of Kuru, a scion of the Kuru race

From Kuru (proper name) + suffix -vya (patronymic).

सहाध्ययनम् (sahādhyayanam) - Joint study, studying together

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sahādhyayana

sahādhyayana - studying together, joint study

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (saha+adhyayana)

• saha – together, with
  indeclinable
  Prefix/adverb meaning 'together'.
• adhyayana – study, learning, reading
  noun (neuter)
  Noun of action
  From √i (to go) with prefixes adhi and ā. Adhyayana means 'going over' or 'studying'.
  Prefixes: adhi+ā
  Root: i (class 2)

एव (eva) - Emphasizes the joint study. (Indeed, truly, only, just)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - Connects 'joint study' with the previous statement implicitly. (And, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)