महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-110, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
तं व्यतीतमतिक्रम्य राजा स्वमिव बान्धवम् ।
सभार्यः शोकदुःखार्तः पर्यदेवयदातुरः ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
taṁ vyatītamatikramya rājā svamiva bāndhavam ,
sabhāryaḥ śokaduḥkhārtaḥ paryadevayadāturaḥ.

1. vaiśampāyana uvāca tam vyatītam atikramya rājā svam iva
bāndhavam sabhāryaḥ śokaduḥkhārtaḥ paryadevayat āturaḥ

1. Vaiśampāyana said: The king (Pāṇḍu), accompanied by his wives, deeply afflicted by grief and sorrow, and distraught, lamented over the departed deer as if it were his own kinsman.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - Vaiśampāyana (Vaiśampāyana (a sage, narrator of the Mahābhārata))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• तम् (tam) - him (the deer's body) (him, that (masculine))

• व्यतीतम् (vyatītam) - the departed (deer) (passed away, dead, gone beyond)

• अतिक्रम्य (atikramya) - approached (to lament over) (having gone beyond, having disregarded, having approached)

• राजा (rājā) - the king (Pāṇḍu) (king, ruler)

• स्वम् (svam) - his own (one's own, his own)

• इव (iva) - as if (as if, like, in the manner of)

• बान्धवम् (bāndhavam) - kinsman (kinsman, relative, friend)

• सभार्यः (sabhāryaḥ) - accompanied by his wives (with his wives, accompanied by wives)

• शोकदुःखार्तः (śokaduḥkhārtaḥ) - deeply afflicted by grief and sorrow (distressed by grief and sorrow)

• पर्यदेवयत् (paryadevayat) - lamented (he lamented, he wailed)

• आतुरः (āturaḥ) - distraught (distressed, afflicted, distraught, sick)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - Vaiśampāyana (Vaiśampāyana (a sage, narrator of the Mahābhārata))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśampāyana

vaiśampāyana - Vaiśampāyana (a sage)

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Tense

Third person singular, perfect active (lit)

Root: vac (class 2)

तम् (tam) - him (the deer's body) (him, that (masculine))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

व्यतीतम् (vyatītam) - the departed (deer) (passed away, dead, gone beyond)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vyatīta

vyatīta - passed away, dead, gone by

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √i (to go) with prefixes vi- and ati-

Prefixes: vi+ati

Root: i (class 2)

अतिक्रम्य (atikramya) - approached (to lament over) (having gone beyond, having disregarded, having approached)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Lyap)

Derived from root √kram (to step, go) with prefix ati-

Prefix: ati

Root: kram (class 1)

राजा (rājā) - the king (Pāṇḍu) (king, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

स्वम् (svam) - his own (one's own, his own)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sva

sva - own, one's own, self

इव (iva) - as if (as if, like, in the manner of)

(indeclinable)

बान्धवम् (bāndhavam) - kinsman (kinsman, relative, friend)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bāndhava

bāndhava - kinsman, relative, friend

सभार्यः (sabhāryaḥ) - accompanied by his wives (with his wives, accompanied by wives)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sabhārya

sabhārya - with wife/wives

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+bhāryā)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• bhāryā – wife, spouse
  noun (feminine)
  Gerundive
  Derived from root √bhṛ (to bear, support), meaning 'she who is to be supported'
  Root: bhṛ (class 1)

शोकदुःखार्तः (śokaduḥkhārtaḥ) - deeply afflicted by grief and sorrow (distressed by grief and sorrow)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śokaduḥkhārta

śokaduḥkhārta - distressed by grief and sorrow

Compound type : dvandva/tatpuruṣa (śoka+duḥkha+ārta)

• śoka – grief, sorrow, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
• duḥkha – sorrow, suffering, pain
  noun (neuter)
• ārta – distressed, afflicted, pained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √ṛ (to go, move), often used to mean 'distressed'
  Root: ṛ (class 3)

पर्यदेवयत् (paryadevayat) - lamented (he lamented, he wailed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of paryadev

Imperfect Tense

Third person singular, imperfect active

Prefix: pari

Root: dev (class 1)

आतुरः (āturaḥ) - distraught (distressed, afflicted, distraught, sick)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ātura

ātura - distressed, afflicted, distraught, sick