योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-4, chapter-39, verse-50

अवतीर्णानां च तेषामवतरणसमकालमेवाविद्योदेति
तत्त्वज्ञानं दृढतामेति तदनु
शतसहस्रस्कन्धो विचित्रशुभाशुभफलभरफलितो
भूरिशाखः स्फारतामेति संसारद्रुमः ॥ ५० ॥

avatīrṇānāṃ ca teṣāmavataraṇasamakālamevāvidyodeti
tattvajñānaṃ dṛḍhatāmeti tadanu
śatasahasraskandho vicitraśubhāśubhaphalabharaphalito
bhūriśākhaḥ sphāratāmeti saṃsāradrumaḥ 50

50. avatīrṇānām ca teṣām avataraṇa-samakālam eva avidyā
udeti tattva-jñānaṃ dṛḍhatām eti tadanu
śata-sahasra-skandhaḥ vicitra-śubha-aśubha-phala-bhara-phalitaḥ
bhūri-śākhaḥ sphāratām eti saṃsāra-drumaḥ

50. ca teṣām avatīrṇānām avataraṇa-samakālam eva avidyā
udeti tattva-jñānaṃ dṛḍhatām eti tadanu
saṃsāra-drumaḥ śata-sahasra-skandhaḥ
vicitra-śubha-aśubha-phala-bhara-phalitaḥ bhūri-śākhaḥ sphāratām eti

50. And for those who have manifested, precisely at the time of their manifestation, ignorance (avidyā) arises, and the apprehension of reality (tattva-jñāna) becomes fixed. Thereafter, the tree of saṃsāra—with hundreds of thousands of trunks, laden with the burden of diverse good and bad fruits, and abundant in branches—expands greatly.

Words meanings summery:

• अवतीर्णानाम् (avatīrṇānām) - of those descended, of those manifested

• च (ca) - and, also

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, of those

• अवतरण-समकालम् (avataraṇa-samakālam) - at the same time as descent/manifestation

• एव (eva) - precisely (exactly, only, even)

• अविद्या (avidyā) - ignorance, nescience

• उदेति (udeti) - arises, comes forth, ascends

• तत्त्व-ज्ञानं (tattva-jñānaṁ) - apprehension of reality (true knowledge, knowledge of reality)

• दृढताम् (dṛḍhatām) - firmness, strength, rigidity

• एति (eti) - becomes (goes, attains, reaches, becomes)

• तदनु (tadanu) - thereafter, then, subsequently

• शत-सहस्र-स्कन्धः (śata-sahasra-skandhaḥ) - having hundreds of thousands of branches/trunks

• विचित्र-शुभ-अशुभ-फल-भर-फलितः (vicitra-śubha-aśubha-phala-bhara-phalitaḥ) - bearing the burden of varied good and bad fruits

• भूरि-शाखः (bhūri-śākhaḥ) - having many branches

• स्फारताम् (sphāratām) - vastness, expansion

• एति (eti) - expands (attains vastness) (goes, attains, reaches, becomes)

• संसार-द्रुमः (saṁsāra-drumaḥ) - the tree of saṃsāra

Words meanings and morphology

अवतीर्णानाम् (avatīrṇānām) - of those descended, of those manifested

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of avatīrṇa

avatīrṇa - descended, manifested, alighted

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `tṛ` (to cross) with `ava` (down).

Prefix: ava

Root: tṛ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `teṣām`.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, of those

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, them

Note: Refers to the entities that have manifested.

अवतरण-समकालम् (avataraṇa-samakālam) - at the same time as descent/manifestation

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of avataraṇa-samakāla

avataraṇa-samakāla - the same time as descent/manifestation

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (avataraṇa+samakāla)

• avataraṇa – descent, manifestation, incarnation
  noun (neuter)
  action noun
  Derived from root `tṛ` (to cross) with `ava` and suffix `ana`.
  Prefix: ava
  Root: tṛ (class 1)
• samakāla – same time, simultaneous
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Used adverbially.

एव (eva) - precisely (exactly, only, even)

(indeclinable)

अविद्या (avidyā) - ignorance, nescience

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of avidyā

avidyā - ignorance, nescience, spiritual ignorance

Compound of `a` (not) and `vidyā` (knowledge).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vidyā)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• vidyā – knowledge, learning
  noun (feminine)
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Subject.

उदेति (udeti) - arises, comes forth, ascends

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of ud-i

present indicative, active voice

2nd class verb (Adādi), active voice (parasmaipada), present tense, 3rd person singular. Root `i` (to go) with prefix `ud` (up, forth).

Prefix: ud

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Verb for `avidyā`.

तत्त्व-ज्ञानं (tattva-jñānaṁ) - apprehension of reality (true knowledge, knowledge of reality)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tattva-jñāna

tattva-jñāna - knowledge of truth/reality, true knowledge

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tattva+jñāna)

• tattva – truth, reality, essence, principle
  noun (neuter)
• jñāna – knowledge
  noun (neuter)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Subject.

दृढताम् (dṛḍhatām) - firmness, strength, rigidity

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dṛḍhatā

dṛḍhatā - firmness, strength, rigidity

Derived from `dṛḍha` (firm, strong) with suffix `tā`.

Note: Object of `eti` (to attain/become).

एति (eti) - becomes (goes, attains, reaches, becomes)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of i

present indicative, active voice

2nd class verb (Adādi), active voice (parasmaipada), present tense, 3rd person singular. Used with accusative to mean 'attain' or 'become'.

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Verb for `tattva-jñānaṃ`.

तदनु (tadanu) - thereafter, then, subsequently

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of sequence.

शत-सहस्र-स्कन्धः (śata-sahasra-skandhaḥ) - having hundreds of thousands of branches/trunks

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śata-sahasra-skandha

śata-sahasra-skandha - having hundreds of thousands of trunks/branches

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śata+sahasra+skandha)

• śata – hundred
  noun (neuter)
• sahasra – thousand
  noun (neuter)
• skandha – trunk, branch, shoulder
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies `saṃsāra-drumaḥ`.

विचित्र-शुभ-अशुभ-फल-भर-फलितः (vicitra-śubha-aśubha-phala-bhara-phalitaḥ) - bearing the burden of varied good and bad fruits

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vicitra-śubhāśubha-phala-bhara-phalita

vicitra-śubhāśubha-phala-bhara-phalita - bearing the burden of varied good and bad fruits

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vicitra+śubha-aśubha+phala+bhara+phalita)

• vicitra – varied, diverse, wonderful
  adjective (neuter)
• śubha-aśubha – good and bad
  adjective (neuter)
• phala – fruit, result
  noun (neuter)
• bhara – burden, load, abundance
  noun (masculine)
• phalita – fruited, bearing fruit
  adjective (masculine)
  denominative participle
  Derived from `phala` (fruit) with the suffix `ita` meaning 'having fruit'.

Note: Qualifies `saṃsāra-drumaḥ`.

भूरि-शाखः (bhūri-śākhaḥ) - having many branches

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhūri-śākha

bhūri-śākha - having many branches

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bhūri+śākha)

• bhūri – much, many, abundant
  adjective (neuter)
• śākha – branch
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies `saṃsāra-drumaḥ`.

स्फारताम् (sphāratām) - vastness, expansion

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sphāratā

sphāratā - vastness, amplitude, expansion

Derived from `sphāra` (vast, expansive) with suffix `tā`.

Note: Object of `eti` (to attain).

एति (eti) - expands (attains vastness) (goes, attains, reaches, becomes)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of i

present indicative, active voice

2nd class verb (Adādi), active voice (parasmaipada), present tense, 3rd person singular. Used with accusative to mean 'attain' or 'become'.

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Verb for `saṃsāra-drumaḥ`.

संसार-द्रुमः (saṁsāra-drumaḥ) - the tree of saṃsāra

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃsāra-druma

saṁsāra-druma - the tree of transmigratory existence

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (saṃsāra+druma)

• saṃsāra – cycle of birth, death, and rebirth; worldly existence
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: sṛ (class 1)
• druma – tree
  noun (masculine)

Note: Main subject.