योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-4, chapter-39, verse-40

किं तर्हि क्षीर इव घृतं घट इव मृदि
पट इव तन्तुषु वट इव धानायात्मन्येव
स्थिताः शक्तयः प्रकटतामागता
व्यवह्रियन्तेऽविरचितमेव तरङ्गवत् ॥ ४० ॥

kiṃ tarhi kṣīra iva ghṛtaṃ ghaṭa iva mṛdi
paṭa iva tantuṣu vaṭa iva dhānāyātmanyeva
sthitāḥ śaktayaḥ prakaṭatāmāgatā
vyavahriyante'viracitameva taraṅgavat 40

40. kim tarhi kṣīra iva ghṛtam ghaṭa iva mṛdi
paṭa iva tantuṣu vaṭa iva dhānāyām ātmani
eva sthitāḥ śaktayaḥ prakaṭatām āgatāḥ
व्यवह्रियन्ते aviracitam eva taraṅgavat

40. kim tarhi ghṛtam kṣīra iva,
ghaṭaḥ mṛdi iva,
paṭaḥ tantuṣu iva,
vaṭaḥ dhānāyām iva,
(tathā) ātmani eva sthitāḥ śaktayaḥ aviracitam eva prakaṭatām āgatāḥ tarangavat vyavahriyante.

40. What then? Just as butter [is present] in milk, a pot in clay, cloth in threads, and a banyan tree in its seed, so too do the powers (śakti) inherent in the self (ātman) manifest and become operational without being separately created, much like waves [arise from water].

Words meanings summery:

• किम् (kim) - what (interrogative particle in 'what then?') (what, how, why)

• तर्हि (tarhi) - then, in that case, therefore

• क्षीर (kṣīra) - in milk (milk)

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• घृतम् (ghṛtam) - butter, clarified butter, ghee

• घट (ghaṭa) - pot, jar, pitcher

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• मृदि (mṛdi) - in clay, in earth

• पट (paṭa) - cloth, garment, woven fabric

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• तन्तुषु (tantuṣu) - in threads, in fibers

• वट (vaṭa) - banyan tree

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• धानायाम् (dhānāyām) - in the seed, in the grain

• आत्मनि (ātmani) - in the self, in the soul, in the spirit

• एव (eva) - emphasizing 'in the self itself' (only, just, indeed, precisely)

• स्थिताः (sthitāḥ) - existing (within the self) (standing, situated, existing, remaining)

• शक्तयः (śaktayaḥ) - powers, energies, faculties

• प्रकटताम् (prakaṭatām) - into manifestation (manifestation, visibility, disclosure)

• आगताः (āgatāḥ) - having come (into manifestation) (come, arrived, obtained)

• व्यवह्रियन्ते (vyavahriyante) - they function/are operational (they are used, they function, they are transacted)

• अविरचितम् (aviracitam) - without being created (uncreated, unmade, uncomposed)

• एव (eva) - emphasizing 'without being created' (only, just, indeed, precisely)

• तरङ्गवत् (taraṅgavat) - like waves, wave-like

Words meanings and morphology

किम् (kim) - what (interrogative particle in 'what then?') (what, how, why)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, whether, how, why

तर्हि (tarhi) - then, in that case, therefore

(indeclinable)

क्षीर (kṣīra) - in milk (milk)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of kṣīra

kṣīra - milk, watery secretion, juice, sap

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

घृतम् (ghṛtam) - butter, clarified butter, ghee

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ghṛta

ghṛta - clarified butter, ghee, butter, water

घट (ghaṭa) - pot, jar, pitcher

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ghaṭa

ghaṭa - pot, jar, pitcher, lump, body

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

मृदि (mṛdi) - in clay, in earth

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of mṛd

mṛd - clay, earth, soil, dirt

पट (paṭa) - cloth, garment, woven fabric

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paṭa

paṭa - cloth, garment, screen, woven fabric

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

तन्तुषु (tantuṣu) - in threads, in fibers

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of tantu

tantu - thread, string, fiber, offspring

वट (vaṭa) - banyan tree

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaṭa

vaṭa - banyan tree (Ficus indica)

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

धानायाम् (dhānāyām) - in the seed, in the grain

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of dhānā

dhānā - grain, seed, corn, receptacle

आत्मनि (ātmani) - in the self, in the soul, in the spirit

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence, life, breath

एव (eva) - emphasizing 'in the self itself' (only, just, indeed, precisely)

(indeclinable)

स्थिताः (sthitāḥ) - existing (within the self) (standing, situated, existing, remaining)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of sthita

sthita - standing, situated, existing, remaining, firm, steady

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root sthā (to stand) with suffix -ta

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'śaktayaḥ'.

शक्तयः (śaktayaḥ) - powers, energies, faculties

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of śakti

śakti - power, energy, strength, faculty, capability, divine feminine power

Root: śak (class 5)

प्रकटताम् (prakaṭatām) - into manifestation (manifestation, visibility, disclosure)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of prakaṭatā

prakaṭatā - manifestation, conspicuousness, visibility

Derived from prakaṭa (manifest) with suffix -tā (forming abstract noun)

Note: Used with 'āgatāḥ' to mean 'having come into manifestation'.

आगताः (āgatāḥ) - having come (into manifestation) (come, arrived, obtained)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of āgata

āgata - come, arrived, obtained, approached

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root gam (to go) with upasarga ā and suffix -ta

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'śaktayaḥ'.

व्यवह्रियन्ते (vyavahriyante) - they function/are operational (they are used, they function, they are transacted)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of vyavahṛ

Passive Present Indicative

Root hṛ (to carry) with upasargas vi and ava. In passive voice, the root 'hṛ' becomes 'hriy'.

Prefixes: vi+ava

Root: hṛ (class 1)

अविरचितम् (aviracitam) - without being created (uncreated, unmade, uncomposed)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of aviracita

aviracita - uncreated, unmade, uncomposed, not arranged

Past Passive Participle (negative)

Negative prefix a- + Past Passive Participle of vi-rac (to compose, create)

Compound type : Nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+viracita)

• a – not, non
  indeclinable
• viracita – created, composed, arranged
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root rac (to make, compose) with upasarga vi and suffix -ta
  Prefix: vi
  Root: rac (class 10)

Note: Used adverbially to mean 'without being created'.

एव (eva) - emphasizing 'without being created' (only, just, indeed, precisely)

(indeclinable)

तरङ्गवत् (taraṅgavat) - like waves, wave-like

(indeclinable)

Derived from taraṅga (wave) with suffix -vat (possessive/similative)

Note: Used adverbially, qualifying 'vyavahriyante'.