योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-4, chapter-39, verse-16

श्रीराम उवाच ।
निर्दुःखं ब्रह्म निर्द्वन्द्वं तज्जं दुःखमयं जगत् ।
अस्पष्टार्थमिदं ब्रह्मन्न वेद्मि वचनं तव ॥ १६ ॥

śrīrāma uvāca ,
nirduḥkhaṃ brahma nirdvandvaṃ tajjaṃ duḥkhamayaṃ jagat ,
aspaṣṭārthamidaṃ brahmanna vedmi vacanaṃ tava 16

16. śrīrāma uvāca nirduḥkham brahma nirdvandvam tat-jam duḥkhamayam
jagat aspaṣṭārtham idam brahman na vedmi vacanam tava

16. śrīrāma uvāca brahma nirduḥkham nirdvandvam tat-jam jagat
duḥkhamayam brahman idam tava vacanam aspaṣṭārtham na vedmi

16. Śrī Rāma said: The absolute reality (brahman) is free from sorrow and duality. Yet, this world (jagat), born from that (brahman), is full of sorrow. O revered teacher, I do not understand this statement of yours; its meaning is unclear to me.

Words meanings summery:

• श्रीराम (śrīrāma) - Śrī Rāma

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• निर्दुःखम् (nirduḥkham) - without sorrow, free from pain

• ब्रह्म (brahma) - The ultimate, transcendent reality (brahman) (the Absolute reality, Brahman)

• निर्द्वन्द्वम् (nirdvandvam) - without duality, free from pairs of opposites

• तत्-जम् (tat-jam) - born from that (brahman) (born from that, produced from it)

• दुःखमयम् (duḥkhamayam) - full of sorrow, sorrowful

• जगत् (jagat) - The phenomenal world (jagat) (world, universe)

• अस्पष्टार्थम् (aspaṣṭārtham) - unclear meaning, ambiguous sense

• इदम् (idam) - this

• ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - O revered teacher (Vasiṣṭha) (O brahmin, O revered one)

• न (na) - not, no

• वेद्मि (vedmi) - I know, I understand

• वचनम् (vacanam) - statement, word, speech

• तव (tava) - your, of you

Words meanings and morphology

श्रीराम (śrīrāma) - Śrī Rāma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrīrāma

śrīrāma - Lord Rāma, the illustrious Rāma

Compound type : karmadhāraya (śrī+rāma)

• śrī – splendor, prosperity, auspiciousness, revered
  noun (feminine)
• rāma – Rāma (proper name), pleasing, dark-colored
  proper noun (masculine)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of uvāca

Perfect tense, third person singular

Irregular perfect form of the root vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

निर्दुःखम् (nirduḥkham) - without sorrow, free from pain

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nirduḥkha

nirduḥkha - without sorrow or pain

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+duḥkha)

• nis – without, out, free from
  indeclinable
  prefix indicating absence or negation
• duḥkha – sorrow, suffering, pain, misery
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'brahma'.

ब्रह्म (brahma) - The ultimate, transcendent reality (brahman) (the Absolute reality, Brahman)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of brahman

brahman - the Absolute, the universal spirit, sacred knowledge

Root: bṛh (class 1)

निर्द्वन्द्वम् (nirdvandvam) - without duality, free from pairs of opposites

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nirdvandva

nirdvandva - without duality, beyond pairs of opposites (like joy/sorrow, heat/cold)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+dvandva)

• nis – without, out, free from
  indeclinable
  prefix indicating absence or negation
• dvandva – pair, couple, duality, pair of opposites
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'brahma'.

तत्-जम् (tat-jam) - born from that (brahman) (born from that, produced from it)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tat-ja

tat-ja - born from that, produced from that

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tad+ja)

• tad – that, it
  pronoun (neuter)
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (neuter)
  suffix indicating origin
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'jagat'.

दुःखमयम् (duḥkhamayam) - full of sorrow, sorrowful

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkhamaya

duḥkhamaya - consisting of sorrow, filled with pain

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (duḥkha+maya)

• duḥkha – sorrow, suffering, pain, misery
  noun (neuter)
• maya – consisting of, made of, full of
  suffix
  Suffix -maya used to form adjectives from nouns.

Note: Agrees with 'jagat'.

जगत् (jagat) - The phenomenal world (jagat) (world, universe)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jagat

jagat - moving, living, the world, universe

Present active participle

From root gam (to go) with suffix -at.

Root: gam (class 1)

अस्पष्टार्थम् (aspaṣṭārtham) - unclear meaning, ambiguous sense

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of aspaṣṭārtha

aspaṣṭārtha - having an unclear meaning, obscure

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+spaṣṭa+artha)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• spaṣṭa – clear, distinct, manifest
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root spaś (to see, perceive).
  Root: spaś (class 1)
• artha – meaning, purpose, object
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛ

Note: Agrees with 'vacanam'.

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Agrees with 'vacanam'.

ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - O revered teacher (Vasiṣṭha) (O brahmin, O revered one)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of brahman

brahman - brahmin, priest, the absolute reality

Root: bṛh (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

वेद्मि (vedmi) - I know, I understand

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of vedmi

Present tense, first person singular

Root verb from the second class (ad-class), 'vetti' series, present active.

Root: vid (class 2)

वचनम् (vacanam) - statement, word, speech

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - speaking, speech, word, statement

From root vac + an.

Root: vac (class 2)

तव (tava) - your, of you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of tvad

tvad - you