योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-4, chapter-39, verse-48

कथं तज्जायते तस्मात्स्वात्मभूतं
यदात्मनः ॥ ४८ ॥

kathaṃ tajjāyate
tasmātsvātmabhūtaṃ yadātmanaḥ 48

48. kathaṃ tat jāyate tasmāt
svātma-bhūtaṃ yat ātmanaḥ

48. tat yat ātmanaḥ svātma-bhūtaṃ
tasmāt kathaṃ jāyate

48. How does that which is intrinsic to the self (ātman) arise from it (the self)?

48. כיצד אם כן נולד ממנו דבר שהוא עצמו חלק מהעצמי?

Words meanings summery:

• कथं (kathaṁ) - how?, in what manner?

• तत् (tat) - that, it

• जायते (jāyate) - is born, arises, originates

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - from that, therefore

• स्वात्म-भूतं (svātma-bhūtaṁ) - being one's own self, inherent in oneself, self-existent

• यत् (yat) - which, what

• आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of the self, of the soul

Words meanings and morphology

कथं (kathaṁ) - how?, in what manner?

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - that, it

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Acts as the subject.

जायते (jāyate) - is born, arises, originates

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of jan

present indicative, middle voice

4th class verb (Divādi), middle voice (ātmanepada), present tense, 3rd person singular

Root: jan (class 4)

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - from that, therefore

(pronoun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Refers to the source from which `tat` arises, likely the ātman.

स्वात्म-भूतं (svātma-bhūtaṁ) - being one's own self, inherent in oneself, self-existent

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of svātma-bhūta

svātma-bhūta - being one's own self, inherent in oneself

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sva+ātman+bhūta)

• sva – one's own, self
  pronoun (masculine)
• ātman – self, soul, essence
  noun (masculine)
• bhūta – become, being, existed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root `bhū` (to be, to become)
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `tat`.

यत् (yat) - which, what

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what

Note: Relative pronoun, referring to `tat`.

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of the self, of the soul

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, essence, breath

Note: Possessive, 'of the self (ātman)'.

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