योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-4, chapter-39, verse-48

कथं तज्जायते तस्मात्स्वात्मभूतं
यदात्मनः ॥ ४८ ॥

kathaṃ tajjāyate
tasmātsvātmabhūtaṃ yadātmanaḥ 48

48. kathaṃ tat jāyate tasmāt
svātma-bhūtaṃ yat ātmanaḥ

48. tat yat ātmanaḥ svātma-bhūtaṃ
tasmāt kathaṃ jāyate

48. How does that which is intrinsic to the self (ātman) arise from it (the self)?

Words meanings summery:

• कथं (kathaṁ) - how?, in what manner?

• तत् (tat) - that, it

• जायते (jāyate) - is born, arises, originates

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - from that, therefore

• स्वात्म-भूतं (svātma-bhūtaṁ) - being one's own self, inherent in oneself, self-existent

• यत् (yat) - which, what

• आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of the self, of the soul

Words meanings and morphology

कथं (kathaṁ) - how?, in what manner?

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - that, it

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Acts as the subject.

जायते (jāyate) - is born, arises, originates

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of jan

present indicative, middle voice

4th class verb (Divādi), middle voice (ātmanepada), present tense, 3rd person singular

Root: jan (class 4)

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - from that, therefore

(pronoun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Refers to the source from which `tat` arises, likely the ātman.

स्वात्म-भूतं (svātma-bhūtaṁ) - being one's own self, inherent in oneself, self-existent

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of svātma-bhūta

svātma-bhūta - being one's own self, inherent in oneself

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sva+ātman+bhūta)

• sva – one's own, self
  pronoun (masculine)
• ātman – self, soul, essence
  noun (masculine)
• bhūta – become, being, existed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root `bhū` (to be, to become)
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `tat`.

यत् (yat) - which, what

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what

Note: Relative pronoun, referring to `tat`.

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of the self, of the soul

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, essence, breath

Note: Possessive, 'of the self (ātman)'.