योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-91, verse-51

असत्यविनिविष्टानां देहवाचितया त्विह ।
ये नामोपदिशन्त्यज्ञाः किंचित्ते पुरुषैडकाः ॥ ५१ ॥

asatyaviniviṣṭānāṃ dehavācitayā tviha ,
ye nāmopadiśantyajñāḥ kiṃcitte puruṣaiḍakāḥ 51

51. asatyaviniviṣṭānām dehavācitayā tu iha ye
nāma upadiśanti ajñāḥ kiṃcit te puruṣaiḍakāḥ

51. tu iha ye ajñāḥ asatyaviniviṣṭānām dehavācitayā
kiṃcit nāma upadiśanti te puruṣaiḍakāḥ

51. But here, those ignorant ones (ajñāḥ) who instruct something to individuals engrossed in unreality (asatya) by referring to the body, they are merely sheep among men (puruṣa).

Words meanings summery:

• असत्यविनिविष्टानाम् (asatyaviniviṣṭānām) - of individuals engrossed in unreality (asatya) (of those devoted to unreality)

• देहवाचितया (dehavācitayā) - by the indication of the body, by referring to the body

• तु (tu) - but, indeed (but, indeed, however)

• इह (iha) - here, in this world

• ये (ye) - who, those who

• नाम (nāma) - indeed, by name, forsooth

• उपदिशन्ति (upadiśanti) - they teach, they instruct

• अज्ञाः (ajñāḥ) - ignorant ones, fools

• किंचित् (kiṁcit) - something, anything

• ते (te) - they, those

• पुरुषैडकाः (puruṣaiḍakāḥ) - merely sheep among men (puruṣa) (rams among men, foolish men)

Words meanings and morphology

असत्यविनिविष्टानाम् (asatyaviniviṣṭānām) - of individuals engrossed in unreality (asatya) (of those devoted to unreality)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of asatyaviniviṣṭa

asatyaviniviṣṭa - devoted to unreality (asatya: unreality, non-truth; viniviṣṭa: deeply absorbed, devoted)

Compound adjective.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (asatya+viniviṣṭa)

• asatya – untrue, unreal, non-existent
  adjective (neuter)
  Negation of 'satya' (true, real).
  Prefix: a
• viniviṣṭa – deeply absorbed, intent on, devoted to, placed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From vi-ni-√viś (to enter, to be intent on) + kta suffix.
  Prefixes: vi+ni
  Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Qualifies the recipients of instruction.

देहवाचितया (dehavācitayā) - by the indication of the body, by referring to the body

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of dehavācitā

dehavācitā - the state of referring to the body, corporeality (deha: body; vācitā: state of expressing/meaning)

Compound noun ending with abstract suffix '-tā'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (deha+vācitā)

• deha – body, physical form
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dih (class 2)
• vācitā – state of speaking, expressing, referring to
  noun (feminine)
  From 'vācin' (speaking) + 'tā' suffix. 'vācin' from √vac (to speak).
  Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Indicates the means or manner of instruction.

तु (tu) - but, indeed (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a contrasting or emphatic statement.

इह (iha) - here, in this world

(indeclinable)

Note: Locative adverb, indicating 'in this context' or 'in this life'.

ये (ye) - who, those who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, that (relative pronoun)

Masculine nominative plural form.

Note: Subject of 'upadiśanti'.

नाम (nāma) - indeed, by name, forsooth

(indeclinable)

Used here as an emphatic particle, often implying 'so-called' or 'merely'.

Note: Emphasizes the action of instructing.

उपदिशन्ति (upadiśanti) - they teach, they instruct

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of upadiś

Present Active

From upa-√diś (to point out, teach).

Prefix: upa

Root: diś (class 6)

अज्ञाः (ajñāḥ) - ignorant ones, fools

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ajña

ajña - ignorant, foolish, unwise (literally 'not knowing')

Negation of 'jña' (knowing). Used substantively.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+jña)

• a – not, non-, un-
  prefix
  Negation prefix.
• jña – knowing, wise, expert
  adjective
  From √jñā (to know).
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: The subject of the relative clause, who are performing the instruction.

किंचित् (kiṁcit) - something, anything

(indeclinable)

Compound of 'kim' (what) + 'cit' (an indefinite particle).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (kim+cit)

• kim – what, who, which (interrogative pronoun)
  pronoun
• cit – an indefinite particle (e.g., 'any', 'some')
  indeclinable

Note: Functions as an indefinite object of 'upadiśanti'.

ते (te) - they, those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those (demonstrative pronoun)

Masculine nominative plural form.

पुरुषैडकाः (puruṣaiḍakāḥ) - merely sheep among men (puruṣa) (rams among men, foolish men)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of puruṣaiḍaka

puruṣaiḍaka - a man-ram, a foolish or insignificant man (puruṣa: man, person; eḍaka: ram, sheep)

Compound noun, an idiomatic expression for a foolish or contemptible man.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (puruṣa+eḍaka)

• puruṣa – man, person, human being (puruṣa)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: pṛ (class 9)
• eḍaka – ram, sheep
  noun (masculine)

Note: Predicate nominative for 'te', classifying the ignorant instructors.